Build binary or source packages from sources
dpkg-buildpackage [option...]
dpkg-buildpackage is a program that automates the process of building a Debian package. It consists of the following steps:
It prepares the build environment by setting various environment variables (see ENVIRONMENT), runs the init hook, and calls dpkg-source --before-build (unless -T or --target has been used).
It checks that the build-dependencies and build-conflicts are satisfied (unless -d is specified).
If a specific target has been selected with the -T or --target option, it calls that target and stops here. Otherwise it runs the preclean hook and calls fakeroot debian/rules clean to clean the build-tree (unless -nc is specified).
It runs the source hook and calls dpkg-source -b to generate the source package (unless a binary-only build has been requested with -b, -B or -A).
It runs the build hook and calls debian/rules build-target, then runs the binary hook followed by fakeroot debian/rules binary-target (unless a source-only build has been requested with -S). Note that build-target and binary-target are either build and binary (default case, or if -b is specified), or build-arch and binary-arch (if -B or -G are specified), or build-indep and binary-indep (if -A or -g are specified).
It runs the changes hook and calls dpkg-genchanges to generate a .changes file. Many dpkg-buildpackage options are forwarded to dpkg-genchanges.
It runs the postclean hook and if -tc is specified, it will call fakeroot debian/rules clean again.
It calls dpkg-source --after-build.
It runs the check hook and calls a package checker for the .changes file (if a command is specified in DEB_CHECK_COMMAND or with --check-command).
It runs the sign hook and calls gpg2 or gpg to sign the .dsc file (if any, unless -us is specified or on UNRELEASED builds), and the .changes file (unless -uc is specified or on UNRELEASED builds).
It runs the done hook.
-g
Specifies a build limited to source and architecture independent packages. Passed to dpkg-genchanges.
-G
Specifies a build limited to source and architecture specific packages. Passed to dpkg-genchanges.
-b
Specifies a binary-only build, no source files are to be built and/or distributed. Passed to dpkg-genchanges.
-B
Specifies a binary-only build, limited to architecture dependent packages. Passed to dpkg-genchanges.
-A
Specifies a binary-only build, limited to architecture independent packages. Passed to dpkg-genchanges.
-S
Specifies a source-only build, no binary packages need to be made. Passed to dpkg-genchanges.
-F
Specifies a normal full build, binary and source packages will be built. This is the same as the default case when no build option is specified.
--target=target --target target -Ttarget
Calls debian/rules target after having setup the build environment and stops the package build process here. If --as-root is also given, then the command is executed as root (see -r). Note that official targets that are required to be run as root by the Debian policy do not need this option.
--as-root
Only meaningful together with --target. Requires that the target be run with root rights.
-si -sa -sd -vversion -Cchanges-description -mmaintainer-address -emaintainer-address
Passed unchanged to dpkg-genchanges. See its manual page.
-a, --host-arch architecture
Specify the Debian architecture we build for. The architecture of the machine we build on is determined automatically, and is also the default for the host machine.
-t, --host-type gnu-system-type
Specify the GNU system type we build for. It can be used in place of --host-arch or as a complement to override the default GNU system type of the host Debian architecture.
--target-arch architecture
Specify the Debian architecture the binaries built will build for. The default value is the host machine.
--target-type gnu-system-type
Specify the GNU system type the binaries built will build for. It can be used in place of --target-arch or as a complement to override the default GNU system type of the target Debian architecture.
-Pprofile[,...]
Specify the profile(s) we build, as a comma-separated list. The default behavior is to build for no specific profile. Also sets them (as a space separated list) as the DEB_BUILD_PROFILES environment variable which allows, for example, debian/rules files to use this information for conditional builds.
-j[jobs|auto]
Number of jobs allowed to be run simultaneously, number of jobs matching the number of online processors if auto is specified, or unlimited number if jobs is not specified, equivalent to the make(1) option of the same name. Will add itself to the MAKEFLAGS environment variable, which should cause all subsequent make invocations to inherit the option. Also adds parallel=jobs or parallel= to the DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS environment variable which allows debian/rules files to use this information for their own purposes. The parallel=jobs or parallel= option in DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS environment variable will override the -j value if this option is given. Note that the auto value will get replaced by the actual number of currently active processors, and as such will not get propagated to any child process. If the number of online processors cannot be inferred then the code will fallback to using an unlimited number.
-D
Check build dependencies and conflicts; abort if unsatisfied. This is the default behavior.
-d
Do not check build dependencies and conflicts.
-nc
Do not clean the source tree (implies -b if nothing else has been selected among -F, -g, -G, -B, -A or -S).
-tc
Clean the source tree (using gain-root-command debian/rules clean) after the package has been built.
-rgain-root-command
When dpkg-buildpackage needs to execute part of the build process as root, it prefixes the command it executes with gain-root-command if one has been specified. Otherwise, if none has been specified, fakeroot will be used by default, if the command is present. gain-root-command should start with the name of a program on the PATH and will get as arguments the name of the real command to run and the arguments it should take. gain-root-command can include parameters (they must be space-separated) but no shell metacharacters. gain-root-command might typically be fakeroot, sudo, super or really. su is not suitable, since it can only invoke the user's shell with -c instead of passing arguments individually to the command to be run.
-Rrules-file
Building a Debian package usually involves invoking debian/rules as a command with several standard parameters. With this option it's possible to use another program invocation to build the package (it can include space separated parameters). Alternatively it can be used to execute the standard rules file with another make program (for example by using /usr/local/bin/make -f debian/rules as rules-file).
--check-command=check-command
Command used to check the .changes file itself and any artifact built referenced in the file. The command should take the .changes pathname as an argument. This command will usually be lintian.
--check-option=opt
Pass option opt to the check-command specified with DEB_CHECK_COMMAND or --check-command. Can be used multiple times.
--hook-hook-name=hook-command
Set the specified shell code hook-command as the hook hook-name, which will run at the times specified in the run steps. The hooks will always be executed even if the following action is not performed (except for the binary hook).
Note: Hooks can affect the build process, and cause build failures if their commands fail, so watch out for unintended consequences.
The current hook-name supported are:
init preclean source build binary changes postclean check sign done
The hook-command supports the following substitution format string, which will get applied to it before execution:
%%
A single % character.
%a
A boolean value (0 or 1), representing whether the following action is being performed.
%p
The source package name.
%v
The source package version.
%s
The source package version (without the epoch).
%u
The upstream version.
-psign-command
When dpkg-buildpackage needs to execute GPG to sign a source control (.dsc) file or a .changes file it will run sign-command (searching the PATH if necessary) instead of gpg2 or gpg. sign-command will get all the arguments that gpg2 or gpg would have gotten. sign-command should not contain spaces or any other shell metacharacters.
-kkey-id
Specify a key-ID to use when signing packages.
-us
Do not sign the source package.
-uc
Do not sign the .changes file.
--force-sign
Force the signing of the resulting files (since dpkg 1.17.0), regardless of -us or -uc or other internal heuristics.
-i[regex] -I[pattern] -s[nsAkurKUR] -z, -Z
Passed unchanged to dpkg-source. See its manual page.
--source-option=opt
Pass option opt to dpkg-source. Can be used multiple times.
--changes-option=opt
Pass option opt to dpkg-genchanges. Can be used multiple times.
--admindir=dir --admindir dir
Change the location of the dpkg database. The default location is /var/lib/dpkg.
-?, --help
Show the usage message and exit.
--version
Show the version and exit.
DEB_CHECK_COMMAND
If set, it will be used as the command to check the .changes file. Overridden by the --check-command option.
DEB_SIGN_KEYID
If set, it will be used to sign the .changes and .dsc files. Overridden by the -k option.
DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS
If set, and containing nocheck the DEB_CHECK_COMMAND variable will be ignored.
DEB_BUILD_PROFILES
If set, it will be used as the active build profile(s) for the package being built. It is a space separated list of profile names. Overridden by the -P option.
Even if dpkg-buildpackage exports some variables, debian/rules should not rely on their presence and should instead use the respective interface to retrieve the needed values.
dpkg-architecture is called with the -a and -t parameters forwarded. Any variable that is output by its -s option is integrated in the build environment.
Between dpkg 1.14.17 and 1.16.1, dpkg-buildpackage exported compiler flags (CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS, FFLAGS, CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS) with values as returned by dpkg-buildflags. This is no longer the case.
dpkg-buildpackage is using the build-arch and build-indep targets since dpkg 1.16.2. Those targets are thus mandatory. But to avoid breakages of existing packages, and ease the transition, it will fallback to using the build target if make -f debian/rules -qn build-target returns 2 as exit code.
It should be possible to specify spaces and shell metacharacters and initial arguments for gain-root-command and sign-command.
dpkg-source(1), dpkg-architecture(1), dpkg-buildflags(1), dpkg-genchanges(1), fakeroot(1), lintian(1), gpg2(1), gpg(1).