Tool for maintenance of the debian/changelog file in a source package
debchange [options] [text ...]
dch [options] [text ...]
debchange or its alias dch will add a new comment line to the Debian changelog in the current source tree. This command must be run from within that tree. If the text of the change is given on the command line, debchange will run in batch mode and simply add the text, with line breaks as necessary, at the appropriate place in debian/changelog (or the changelog specified by options, as described below). If no text is specified then debchange will run the editor as determined by sensible-editor for you to edit the file. (The environment variables VISUAL and EDITOR are used in this order to determine which editor to use.) Editors which understand the +n option for starting the editing on a specified line will use this to move to the correct line of the file for editing. If the editor is quit without modifying the temporary file, debchange will exit without touching the existing changelog. Note that the changelog is assumed to be encoded with the UTF-8 encoding. If it is not, problems may occur. Please see the iconv(1) manpage to find out how to convert changelogs from legacy encodings. Finally, a changelog or NEWS file can be created from scratch using the --create option described below.
debchange also supports automatically producing bug-closing changelog entries, using the --closes option. This will usually query the BTS, the Debian Bug Tracking System (see https://bugs.debian.org/) to determine the title of the bug and the package in which it occurs. This behaviour can be stopped by giving a --noquery option or by setting the configuration variable DEBCHANGE_QUERY_BTS to no, as described below. In either case, the editor (as described above) will always be invoked to give an opportunity to modify the entries, and the changelog will be accepted whether or not modifications are made. An extra changelog entry can be given on the command line in addition to the closes entries.
At most one of --append, --increment, --edit, --release, and --newversion may be specified as listed below. If no options are specified, debchange will use heuristics to guess whether or not the package has been successfully released, and behave as if --increment had been specified if the package has been released, or otherwise as if --append has been specified.
Two different sets of heuristics can be used, as controlled by the --release-heuristic option or the DEBCHANGE_RELEASE_HEURISTIC configuration variable. The default changelog heuristic assumes the package has been released unless its changelog contains UNRELEASED in the distribution field. If this heuristic is enabled then the distribution will default to UNRELEASED in new changelog entries, and the --mainttrailer option described below will be automatically enabled. This can be useful if a package can be released by different maintainers, or if you do not keep the upload logs. The alternate log heuristic determines if a package has been released by looking for an appropriate dupload(1) or dput(1) log file in the parent directory. A warning will be issued if the log file is found but a successful upload is not recorded. This may be because the previous upload was performed with a version of dupload prior to 2.1 or because the upload failed.
If either --increment or --newversion is used, the name and email for the new version will be determined as follows. If the environment variable DEBFULLNAME is set, this will be used for the maintainer full name; if not, then NAME will be checked. If the environment variable DEBEMAIL is set, this will be used for the email address. If this variable has the form "name <email>", then the maintainer name will also be taken from here if neither DEBFULLNAME nor NAME is set. If this variable is not set, the same test is performed on the environment variable EMAIL. Next, if the full name has still not been determined, then use getpwuid(3) to determine the name from the password file. If this fails, use the previous changelog entry. For the email address, if it has not been set from DEBEMAIL or EMAIL, then look in /etc/mailname, then attempt to build it from the username and FQDN, otherwise use the email address in the previous changelog entry. In other words, it's a good idea to set DEBEMAIL and DEBFULLNAME when using this script.
Support is included for changelogs that record changes by multiple co-maintainers of a package. If an entry is appended to the current version's entries, and the maintainer is different from the maintainer who is listed as having done the previous entries, then lines will be added to the changelog to tell which maintainers made which changes. Currently only one of the several such styles of recording this information is supported, in which the name of the maintainer who made a set of changes appears on a line before the changes, inside square brackets. This can be switched on and off using the --[no]multimaint option or the DEBCHANGE_MULTIMAINT configuration file option; the default is to enable it. Note that if an entry has already been marked in this way, then this option will be silently ignored.
If the directory name of the source tree has the form package-version, then debchange will also attempt to rename it if the (upstream) version number changes. This can be prevented by using the --preserve command line or configuration file option as described below.
If --force-bad-version or --allow-lower-version is used, debchange will not stop if the new version is less than the current one. This is especially useful while doing backports.
In common with several other scripts in the devscripts package, debchange will climb the directory tree until it finds a debian/changelog file. As a safeguard against stray files causing potential problems, it will examine the name of the parent directory once it finds the debian/changelog file, and check that the directory name corresponds to the package name. Precisely how it does this is controlled by two configuration file variables DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_LEVEL and DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_REGEX, and their corresponding command-line options --check-dirname-level and --check-dirname-regex.
DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_LEVEL can take the following values:
0
Never check the directory name.
1
Only check the directory name if we have had to change directory in our search for debian/changelog. This is the default behaviour.
2
Always check the directory name.
The directory name is checked by testing whether the current directory name (as determined by pwd(1)) matches the regex given by the configuration file option DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_REGEX or by the command line option --check-dirname-regex regex. Here regex is a Perl regex (see perlre(3perl)), which will be anchored at the beginning and the end. If regex contains a '/', then it must match the full directory path. If not, then it must match the full directory name. If regex contains the string \'PACKAGE', this will be replaced by the source package name, as determined from the changelog. The default value for the regex is: \'PACKAGE(-.+)?', thus matching directory names such as PACKAGE and PACKAGE-version.
The default changelog to be edited is debian/changelog; however, this can be changed using the --changelog or --news options or the CHANGELOG environment variable, as described below.
--append, -a
Add a new changelog entry at the end of the current version's entries.
--increment, -i
Increment either the final component of the Debian release number or, if this is a native Debian package, the version number. On Ubuntu or Tanglu, this will also change the suffix from buildX to ubuntu1/tanglu1. Use -R, --rebuild for a no change rebuild increment. This creates a new section at the beginning of the changelog with appropriate headers and footers. Also, if this is a new version of a native Debian package, the directory name is changed to reflect this. If DEBCHANGE_RELEASE_HEURISTIC is changelog (default) and the current release is UNRELEASED, this will only change the version of the current changelog stanza. Otherwise, this will create a new changelog stanza with the new version.
--newversion version, -v version
This specifies the version number (including the Debian release part) explicitly and behaves as the --increment option in other respects. It will also change the directory name if the upstream version number has changed. If DEBCHANGE_RELEASE_HEURISTIC is changelog (default) and the current release is UNRELEASED, this will only change the version of the current changelog stanza. Otherwise, this will create a new changelog stanza with the new version.
--edit, -e
Edit the changelog in an editor.
--release, -r
Finalize the changelog for a release. Update the changelog timestamp. If the distribution is set to UNRELEASED, change it to the distribution from the previous changelog entry (or another distribution as specified by --distribution). If there are no previous changelog entries and an explicit distribution has not been specified, unstable will be used.
--force-save-on-release
When --release is used, an editor is opened to allow inspection of the changelog. The user is required to save the file to accept the modified changelog, otherwise the original will be kept (default).
--no-force-save-on-release
Do not do so. Note that a dummy changelog entry may be supplied in order to achieve the same effect - e.g. debchange --release "". The entry will not be added to the changelog but its presence will suppress the editor.
--create
This will create a new debian/changelog file (or NEWS if the --news option is used). You must be in the top-level directory to use this; no directory name checking will be performed. The package name and version can either be specified using the --package and --newversion options, determined from the directory name using the --fromdirname option or entered manually into the generated changelog file. The maintainer name is determined from the environment if this is possible, and the distribution is specified either using the --distribution option or in the generated changelog file.
--empty
When used in combination with --create, suppress the automatic addition of an "initial release" changelog entry (so that the next invocation of debchange adds the first entry). Note that this will cause a dpkg-parsechangelog warning on the next invocation due to the lack of changes.
--package package
This specifies the package name to be used in the new changelog; this may only be used in conjunction with the --create, --increment and --newversion options.
--nmu, -n
Increment the Debian release number for a non-maintainer upload by either appending a ".1" to a non-NMU version number (unless the package is Debian native, in which case "+nmu1" is appended) or by incrementing an NMU version number, and add an NMU changelog comment. This happens automatically if the packager is neither in the Maintainer nor the Uploaders field in debian/control, unless DEBCHANGE_AUTO_NMU is set to no or the --no-auto-nmu option is used.
--bin-nmu
Increment the Debian release number for a binary non-maintainer upload by either appending a "+b1" to a non-binNMU version number or by incrementing a binNMU version number, and add a binNMU changelog comment.
--qa, -q
Increment the Debian release number for a Debian QA Team upload, and add a QA upload changelog comment.
--rebuild, -R
Increment the Debian release number for a no-change rebuild by appending a "build1" or by incrementing a rebuild version number.
--security, -s
Increment the Debian release number for a Debian Security Team non-maintainer upload, and add a Security Team upload changelog comment.
--team
Increment the Debian release number for a team upload, and add a Team upload changelog comment.
--upstream, -U
Don't append distro-name1 to the version on a derived distribution. Increment the Debian version.
--bpo
Increment the Debian release number for an upload to jessie-backports, and add a backport upload changelog comment.
--local, -lsuffix
Add a suffix to the Debian version number for a local build.
--force-bad-version, -b
Force a version number to be less than the current one (e.g., when backporting).
--allow-lower-version pattern
Allow a version number to be less than the current one if the new version matches the specified pattern.
--force-distribution
Force the provided distribution to be used, even if it doesn't match the list of known distributions (e.g. for unofficial distributions).
--auto-nmu
Attempt to automatically determine whether a change to the changelog represents a Non Maintainer Upload. This is the default.
--no-auto-nmu
Disable automatic NMU detection. Equivalent to setting DEBCHANGE_AUTO_NMU to no.
--fromdirname, -d
This will take the upstream version number from the directory name, which should be of the form package-version. If the upstream version number has increased from the most recent changelog entry, then a new entry will be made with version number version-1 (or version if the package is Debian native), with the same epoch as the previous package version. If the upstream version number is the same, this option will behave in the same way as -i.
--closes nnnnn[,nnnnn ...]
Add changelog entries to close the specified bug numbers. Also invoke the editor after adding these entries. Will generate warnings if the BTS cannot be contacted (and --noquery has not been specified), or if there are problems with the bug report located.
--[no]query
Should we attempt to query the BTS when generating closes entries?
--preserve, -p
Preserve the source tree directory name if the upstream version number (or the version number of a Debian native package) changes. See also the configuration variables section below.
--no-preserve, --nopreserve
Do not preserve the source tree directory name (default).
--vendor vendor
Override the distributor ID over the default returned by dpkg-vendor. This name is used for heuristics applied to new package versions and for sanity checking of the target distribution.
--distribution dist, -D dist
Use the specified distribution in the changelog entry being edited, instead of using the previous changelog entry's distribution for new entries or the existing value for existing entries.
--urgency urgency, -u urgency
Use the specified urgency in the changelog entry being edited, instead of using the default "medium" for new entries or the existing value for existing entries.
--changelog file, -c file
This will edit the changelog file instead of the standard debian/changelog. This option overrides any CHANGELOG environment variable setting. Also, no directory traversing or checking will be performed when this option is used.
--news [newsfile]
This will edit newsfile (by default, debian/NEWS) instead of the regular changelog. Directory searching will be performed. The changelog will be examined in order to determine the current package version.
--[no]multimaint
Should we indicate that parts of a changelog entry have been made by different maintainers? Default is yes; see the discussion above and also the DEBCHANGE_MULTIMAINT configuration file option below.
--[no]multimaint-merge
Should all changes made by the same author be merged into the same changelog section? Default is no; see the discussion above and also the DEBCHANGE_MULTIMAINT_MERGE configuration file option below.
--maintmaint, -m
Do not modify the maintainer details previously listed in the changelog. This is useful particularly for sponsors wanting to automatically add a sponsorship message without disrupting the other changelog details. Note that there may be some interesting interactions if multi-maintainer mode is in use; you will probably wish to check the changelog manually before uploading it in such cases.
--controlmaint, -M
Use maintainer details from the debian/control Maintainer field rather than relevant environment variables (DEBFULLNAME, DEBEMAIL, etc.). This option might be useful to restore details of the main maintainer in the changelog trailer after a bogus edit (e.g. when -m was intended but forgot) or when releasing a package in the name of the main maintainer (e.g. the team).
--[no]mainttrailer, -t
If mainttrailer is set, it will avoid modifying the existing changelog trailer line (i.e. the maintainer and date-stamp details), unless used with options that require the trailer to be modified (e.g. --create, --release, -i, --qa, etc.) This option differs from --maintmaint in that it will use multi-maintainer mode if appropriate, with the exception of editing the trailer. See also the DEBCHANGE_MAINTTRAILER configuration file option below.
--check-dirname-level N
See the above section "Directory name checking" for an explanation of this option.
--check-dirname-regex regex
See the above section "Directory name checking" for an explanation of this option.
--no-conf, --noconf
Do not read any configuration files. This can only be used as the first option given on the command-line.
--release-heuristic log|changelog
Controls how debchange determines if a package has been released, when deciding whether to create a new changelog entry or append to an existing changelog entry.
--help, -h
Display a help message and exit successfully.
--version
Display version and copyright information and exit successfully.
The two configuration files /etc/devscripts.conf and ~/.devscripts are sourced in that order to set configuration variables. Command line options can be used to override configuration file settings. Environment variable settings are ignored for this purpose. The currently recognised variables are:
DEBCHANGE_PRESERVE
If this is set to yes, then it is the same as the --preserve command line parameter being used.
DEBCHANGE_QUERY_BTS
If this is set to no, then it is the same as the --noquery command line parameter being used.
DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_LEVEL, DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_REGEX
See the above section "Directory name checking" for an explanation of these variables. Note that these are package-wide configuration variables, and will therefore affect all devscripts scripts which check their value, as described in their respective manpages and in devscripts.conf(5).
DEBCHANGE_RELEASE_HEURISTIC
Controls how debchange determines if a package has been released, when deciding whether to create a new changelog entry or append to an existing changelog entry. Can be either log or changelog.
DEBCHANGE_MULTIMAINT
If set to no, debchange will not introduce multiple-maintainer distinctions when a different maintainer appends an entry to an existing changelog. See the discussion above. Default is yes.
DEBCHANGE_MULTIMAINT_MERGE
If set to yes, when adding changes in multiple-maintainer mode debchange will check whether previous changes by the current maintainer exist and add the new changes to the existing block rather than creating a new block. Default is no.
DEBCHANGE_MAINTTRAILER
If this is set to no, then it is the same as the --nomainttrailer command line parameter being used.
DEBCHANGE_TZ
Use this timezone for changelog entries. Default is the user/system timezone as shown by `date -R` and affected by the environment variable TZ.
DEBCHANGE_LOWER_VERSION_PATTERN
If this is set, then it is the same as the --allow-lower-version command line parameter being used.
DEBCHANGE_AUTO_NMU
If this is set to no then debchange will not attempt to automatically determine whether the current changelog stanza represents an NMU. The default is yes. See the discussion of the --nmu option above.
DEBCHANGE_FORCE_SAVE_ON_RELEASE
If this is set to no, then it is the same as the --no-force-save-on-release command line parameter being used.
DEBCHANGE_VENDOR
Use this vendor instead of the default (dpkg-vendor output). See --vendor for details.
DEBEMAIL, EMAIL, DEBFULLNAME, NAME
See the above description of the use of these environment variables.
CHANGELOG
This variable specifies the changelog to edit in place of debian/changelog. No directory traversal or checking is performed when this variable is set. This variable is overridden by the --changelog command-line setting.
VISUAL, EDITOR
These environment variables (in this order) determine the editor used by sensible-editor.
The original author was Christoph Lameter <[email protected]>. Many substantial changes and improvements were made by Julian Gilbey <[email protected]>.