timeout(1)

timeout1

Run a command with a time limit

Usage

timeout [OPTION] ... DURATION COMMAND [ARG] ...

Overview

Start COMMAND, and kill it if still running after DURATION.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-f, --foreground

when not running timeout directly from a shell prompt, allow COMMAND to read from the TTY and get TTY signals; in this mode, children of COMMAND will not be timed out

-k, --kill-after=DURATION

also send a KILL signal if COMMAND is still running this long after the initial signal was sent

-p, --preserve-status

exit with the same status as COMMAND, even when the command times out

-s, --signal=SIGNAL

specify the signal to be sent on timeout; SIGNAL may be a name like 'HUP' or a number; see 'kill -l' for a list of signals

-v, --verbose

diagnose to standard error any signal sent upon timeout

--help

display this help and exit

--version

output version information and exit

DURATION is a floating point number with an optional suffix: 's' for seconds (the default), 'm' for minutes, 'h' for hours or 'd' for days. A duration of 0 disables the associated timeout.

Upon timeout, send the TERM signal to COMMAND, if no other SIGNAL specified. The TERM signal kills any process that does not block or catch that signal. It may be necessary to use the KILL signal, since this signal can't be caught.

Exit status:

124

if COMMAND times out, and --preserve-status is not specified

125

if the timeout command itself fails

126

if COMMAND is found but cannot be invoked

127

if COMMAND cannot be found

137

if COMMAND (or timeout itself) is sent the KILL (9) signal (128+9)

-

the exit status of COMMAND otherwise

Releases

13 releases since Debian 3.0 (Woody); the text changed 9 times.

  1. 3.0–5.0
  2. 6.0
  3. 7
  4. 8
  5. 9
  6. 10
  7. 11
  8. 12
  9. 13
  10. Arch

--foreground since Arch Linux 2026-11-01; --help since Debian 6.0 (Squeeze); --kill-after since Arch Linux 2026-11-01; --preserve-status since Arch Linux 2026-11-01; --signal since Arch Linux 2026-11-01; --verbose since Debian 10 (Buster); --version since Debian 6.0 (Squeeze); -f since Arch Linux 2026-11-01; -k since Arch Linux 2026-11-01; -p since Arch Linux 2026-11-01; -s since Arch Linux 2026-11-01; -v since Debian 10 (Buster).

-signal until Debian 5.0 (Lenny).

Bugs

Some platforms don't currently support timeouts beyond the year 2038.

Author

Written by Padraig Brady.

Reporting bugs

Report bugs to: <[email protected]>.
Report any translation bugs to: <https://translationproject.org/team/>.
GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>

From coreutils 9.12-2 in Arch Linux 2026-11-01. Parsed by carta from the page's man source.