pwd(1)

pwd1

Return working directory name

Usage

pwd [{-L | -P}]

Overview

The pwd utility writes the absolute pathname of the current working directory to the standard output.

Some shells may provide a builtin pwd command which is similar or identical to this utility. Consult the builtin(1) manual page.

The options are as follows:

-L

Display the logical current working directory.

-P

Display the physical current working directory (all symbolic links resolved).

If no options are specified, the -L option is assumed.

Environment

Environment variables used by pwd:

PWD

Logical current working directory.

Exit status

The pwd utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

Examples

Show current working directory with symbolic links resolved:

$ /bin/pwd
/usr/src/sys/kern

Show the logical current directory. Then use file(1) to inspect the /sys directory:

$ /bin/pwd -L
/sys/kern
$ file /sys
/sys: symbolic link to usr/src/sys

Releases

87 releases since FreeBSD 2.0.5-RELEASE; the text changed 53 times.

  1. 2.0.5
  2. 2.1.5–2.1.7.1
  3. 2.2.2–2.2.6
  4. 2.2.7–2.2.8
  5. 2.2.9
  6. 3.0–3.1
  7. 3.2
  8. 3.3–3.4
  9. 3.5–3.5.1
  10. 4.0–4.2
  11. 4.3
  12. 4.4–4.6.2
  13. 4.7–4.11
  14. 5.0
  15. 5.1–5.2.1
  16. 5.3–5.5
  17. 6.0–6.3
  18. 6.4
  19. 7.0
  20. 7.1
  21. 7.2
  22. 7.3
  23. 7.4
  24. 8.0
  25. 8.1
  26. 8.2
  27. 8.3
  28. 8.4
  29. 9.0
  30. 9.1
  31. 9.2
  32. 9.3
  33. 10.0
  34. 10.1
  35. 10.2
  36. 10.3
  37. 10.4
  38. 11.0
  39. 11.1
  40. 11.2
  41. 11.3
  42. 11.4
  43. 12.0
  44. 12.1
  45. 12.2
  46. 12.3
  47. 12.4
  48. 13.0–13.2
  49. 13.3–13.5
  50. 14.0–14.4
  51. 14.5
  52. 15.0
  53. 15.1
  54. 16.0

-L since FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE; -P since FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE.

Standards

The pwd utility conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”).

History

The pwd command appeared in Version 5 AT&T UNIX.

Bugs

In csh(1) the command dirs is always faster because it is built into that shell. However, it can give a different answer in the rare case that the current directory or a containing directory was moved after the shell descended into it.

The -L option does not work unless the PWD environment variable is exported by the shell.

From base 16.0-CURRENT-20261027-61c70dc16a79 in FreeBSD 16.0-CURRENT (2026-10-27). Parsed by carta from the page's mdoc source.