Show / manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels
ip [OPTIONS]
OBJECT
{COMMAND | help}
ip [-force]
-batch
filename
OBJECT :=
{address | addrlabel | fou | help | ila | ioam | l2tp | link | macsec | maddress | monitor | mptcp | mroute | mrule | neighbor | neighbour | netconf | netns | nexthop | ntable | ntbl | route | rule | sr | tap | tcpmetrics | token | tunnel | tuntap | vrf | xfrm}
OPTIONS :=
{-V
[ersion] | -h
[uman-readable] | -s
[tatistics] | -d
[etails] | -r
[esolve] | -iec | -f
[amily]
{inet | inet6 | link} | -4 | -6 | -B | -0 | -l
[oops]
maximum-addr-flush-attempts | -o
[neline] | -rc
[vbuf]
[size] | -t
[imestamp] | -ts
[hort] | -n
[etns]
name | -N
[umeric] | -a
[ll] | -c
[olor] | -br
[ief] | -j
[son] | -p
[retty]}
-V, -Version
Print the version of the ip utility and exit.
-h, -human, -human-readable
output statistics with human readable values followed by suffix.
-b, -batch <FILENAME>
Read commands from provided file or standard input and invoke them. First failure will cause termination of ip.
-force
Don't terminate ip on errors in batch mode. If there were any errors during execution of the commands, the application return code will be non zero.
-s, -stats, -statistics
Output more information. If the option appears twice or more, the amount of information increases. As a rule, the information is statistics or some time values.
-d, -details
Output more detailed information.
-l, -loops <COUNT>
Specify maximum number of loops the 'ip address flush' logic will attempt before giving up. The default is 10. Zero (0) means loop until all addresses are removed.
-f, -family <FAMILY>
Specifies the protocol family to use. The protocol family identifier can be one of inet, inet6, bridge, mpls or link. If this option is not present, the protocol family is guessed from other arguments. If the rest of the command line does not give enough information to guess the family, ip falls back to the default one, usually inet or any. link is a special family identifier meaning that no networking protocol is involved.
-4
shortcut for -family inet.
-6
shortcut for -family inet6.
-B
shortcut for -family bridge.
-M
shortcut for -family mpls.
-0
shortcut for -family link.
-r, -resolve
use the system's name resolver to print DNS names instead of host addresses.
-n, -netns <NETNS>
switches ip to the specified network namespace NETNS. Actually it just simplifies executing of:
ip netns exec NETNS ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
to
ip -n[etns] NETNS [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
-N, -Numeric
Print the number of protocol, scope, dsfield, etc directly instead of converting it to human readable name.
-a, -all
executes specified command over all objects, it depends if command supports this option.
-c[color][={always|auto|never}Configure color output. If parameter is omitted or always, color output is enabled regardless of stdout state. If parameter is auto, stdout is checked to be a terminal before enabling color output. If parameter is never, color output is disabled. If specified multiple times, the last one takes precedence. This flag is ignored if -json is also given.
Used color palette can be influenced by COLORFGBG environment variable (see ENVIRONMENT).
-t, -timestamp
display current time when using monitor option.
-ts, -tshort
Like -timestamp, but use shorter format.
-rc, -rcvbuf<SIZE>Set the netlink socket receive buffer size, defaults to 1MB.
-iec
print human readable rates in IEC units (e.g. 1Ki = 1024).
-br, -brief
Print only basic information in a tabular format for better readability. This option is currently only supported by ip addr show , ip link show & ip neigh show commands.
-j, -json
Output results in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON).
-p, -pretty
The default JSON format is compact and more efficient to parse but hard for most users to read. This flag adds indentation for readability.
-echo
Request the kernel to send the applied configuration back.
|
- protocol (IP or IPv6) address on a device. |
|---|---|
|
- label configuration for protocol address selection. |
|
- Foo-over-UDP receive port configuration. |
|
- manage identifier locator addresses (ILA). |
|
- manage IOAM namespaces and IOAM schemas. |
|
- tunnel ethernet over IP (L2TPv3). |
|
- network device. |
|
- MACsec device configuration. |
|
- multicast address. |
|
- watch for netlink messages. |
|
- manage MPTCP path manager. |
|
- multicast routing cache entry. |
|
- rule in multicast routing policy database. |
|
- manage ARP or NDISC cache entries. |
|
- network configuration monitoring. |
|
- manage network namespaces. |
|
- manage nexthop objects. |
|
- manage the neighbor cache's operation. |
|
- routing table entry. |
|
- rule in routing policy database. |
|
- manage IPv6 segment routing. |
|
- manage and show interface statistics. |
|
- manage TCP Metrics. |
|
- manage tokenized interface identifiers. |
|
- tunnel over IP. |
|
- manage TUN/TAP devices. |
|
- manage virtual routing and forwarding devices. |
|
- manage IPSec policies. |
The names of all objects may be written in full or abbreviated form, for example address can be abbreviated as addr or just a.
Specifies the action to perform on the object. The set of possible actions depends on the object type. As a rule, it is possible to add, delete and show (or list ) objects, but some objects do not allow all of these operations or have some additional commands. The help command is available for all objects. It prints out a list of available commands and argument syntax conventions.
If no command is given, some default command is assumed. Usually it is list or, if the objects of this class cannot be listed, help.
COLORFGBG
If set, it's value is used for detection whether background is dark or light and use contrast colors for it.
COLORFGBG environment variable usually contains either two or three values separated by semicolons; we want the last value in either case. If this value is 0-6 or 8, chose colors suitable for dark background:
COLORFGBG=";0" ip -c a
Exit status is 0 if command was successful, and 1 if there is a syntax error. If an error was reported by the kernel exit status is 2.
ip addr
Shows addresses assigned to all network interfaces.
ip neigh
Shows the current neighbour table in kernel.
ip link set x up
Bring up interface x.
ip link set x down
Bring down interface x.
ip route
Show table routes.
14 releases since Debian 2.2 (Potato); the text changed 12 times.
-0 since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-4 since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-6 since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-B since Debian 8 (Jessie);
-M since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-N since Debian 11 (Bullseye);
-Numeric since Debian 11 (Bullseye);
-V since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-Version since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-a since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-all since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-b since Debian 8 (Jessie);
-batch since Debian 8 (Jessie);
-br since Debian 10 (Buster);
-brief since Debian 10 (Buster);
-d since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-details since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-echo since Debian 12 (Bookworm);
-f since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-family since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-force since Debian 8 (Jessie);
-h since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-human since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-human-readable since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-iec since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-j since Debian 10 (Buster);
-json since Debian 10 (Buster);
-l since Debian 7 (Wheezy);
-loops since Debian 7 (Wheezy);
-n since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-netns since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-o since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-oneline since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-p since Debian 10 (Buster);
-pretty since Debian 10 (Buster);
-r since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-resolve since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-s since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-statistics since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-stats since Debian 3.1 (Sarge);
-t since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-timestamp since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-ts since Debian 9 (Stretch);
-tshort since Debian 9 (Stretch).
-D until Debian 10 (Buster);
-I until Debian 10 (Buster);
-c until Debian 9 (Stretch);
-color until Debian 9 (Stretch).