group(5)

group5

User group file

Overview

The /etc/group file is a text file that defines the groups on the system. There is one entry per line, with the following format:

group_name:password:GID:user_list

The fields are as follows:

group_name

the name of the group.

password

the (encrypted) group password. If this field is empty, no password is needed.

GID

the numeric group ID.

user_list

a list of the usernames that are members of this group, separated by commas.

Files

/etc/group

Releases

19 releases since Debian 1.1 (Buzz); the text changed 14 times.

  1. 1.1–2.1
  2. 2.2
  3. 3.0
  4. 3.1
  5. 4.0
  6. 5.0
  7. 6.0
  8. 7
  9. 8
  10. 9
  11. 10
  12. 11
  13. 12
  14. 13
  15. Arch

Bugs

As the 4.2BSD initgroups(3) man page says: no one seems to keep /etc/group up-to-date.

From man-pages 6.19-1 in Arch Linux 2026-11-01. Parsed by carta from the page's man source.