arc4random_buf(3)

arc4random_buf3

Cryptographically-secure pseudorandom number generator

Part of arc4random(3).

Usage

#include <stdlib.h>

uint32_t arc4random(void); uint32_t arc4random_uniform(uint32_t upper_bound); void arc4random_buf(size_t n; void buf[n], size_t n);

Library

Standard C library (libc, -lc)

Overview

These functions give cryptographically-secure pseudorandom numbers.

arc4random() returns a uniformly-distributed value.

arc4random_uniform() returns a uniformly-distributed value less than upper_bound (see BUGS).

arc4random_buf() fills the memory pointed to by buf, with n bytes of pseudorandom data.

The rand(3) and drand48(3) families of functions should only be used where the quality of the pseudorandom numbers is not a concern and there's a need for repeatability of the results. Unless you meet both of those conditions, use the arc4random() functions.

Return value

arc4random() returns a pseudorandom number.

arc4random_uniform() returns a pseudorandom number less than upper_bound for valid input, or 0 when upper_bound is invalid.

Attributes

For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

InterfaceAttributeValue
arc4random(), arc4random_uniform(), arc4random_buf()Thread safetyMT-Safe

Releases

7 releases since Debian 6.0 (Squeeze); the text changed 5 times.

  1. 6.0
  2. 7–8
  3. 9
  4. 12
  5. 13
  6. Arch

Standards

BSD.

History

OpenBSD 2.1, FreeBSD 3.0, NetBSD 1.6, DragonFly 1.0, libbsd, glibc 2.36.

Bugs

An upper_bound of 0 doesn't make sense in a call to arc4random_uniform(). Such a call will fail, and return 0. Be careful, since that value is not less than upper_bound. In some cases, such as accessing an array, using that value could result in undefined behavior.

From man-pages 6.19-1 in Arch Linux 2026-11-01. Parsed by carta from the page's man source.