Ovs startup helper script
ovs-ctl --system-id=random|uuid [options] start
ovs-ctl stop
ovs-ctl status
ovs-ctl version
ovs-ctl [options] load-kmod
ovs-ctl --system-id=random|uuid [options] force-reload-kmod
ovs-ctl [--protocol=protocol] [--sport=sport] [--dport=dport] enable-protocol
ovs-ctl help | -h | --help
ovs-ctl --version
The ovs-ctl program starts, stops, and checks the status of Open vSwitch daemons. It is not meant to be invoked directly by system administrators but to be called internally by system startup scripts.
Each of ovs-ctl's commands is described separately below.
The start command starts Open vSwitch. It performs the following tasks:
Loads the Open vSwitch kernel module. If this fails, and the Linux bridge module is loaded but no bridges exist, it tries to unload the bridge module and tries loading the Open vSwitch kernel module again. (This is because the Open vSwitch kernel module cannot coexist with the Linux bridge module before 2.6.37.)
The start command skips the following steps if ovsdb-server is already running:
If the Open vSwitch database file does not exist, it creates it. If the database does exist, but it has an obsolete version, it upgrades it to the latest schema.
Starts ovsdb-server.
Initializes a few values inside the database.
If the --delete-bridges option was used, deletes all of the bridges from the database.
The start command skips the following step if ovs-vswitchd is already running:
Starts ovs-vswitchd.
Several command-line options influence the start command's behavior. Some form of the following option should ordinarily be specified:
This specifies a unique system identifier to store into external-ids:system-id in the database's Open_vSwitch table. Remote managers that talk to the Open vSwitch database server over network protocols use this value to identify and distinguish Open vSwitch instances, so it should be unique (at least) within OVS instances that will connect to a single controller.
When random is specified, ovs-ctl will generate a random ID that persists from one run to another (stored in a file). When another string is specified ovs-ctl uses it literally.
The following options should be specified if the defaults are not suitable:
Sets the value to store in the system-type and system-version columns, respectively, in the database's Open_vSwitch table. Remote managers may use these values to determine the kind of system to which they are connected (primarily for display to human administrators).
When not specified, ovs-ctl uses values from the optional system-type.conf and system-version.conf files(see section FILES) or it uses the lsb_release program, if present, to provide reasonable defaults.
The following options are also likely to be useful:
Sets external-ids:name to value in the database's Open_vSwitch table. Specifying this option multiple times adds multiple key-value pairs.
Ordinarily Open vSwitch bridges persist from one system boot to the next, as long as the database is preserved. Some environments instead expect to re-create all of the bridges and other configuration state on every boot. This option supports that, by deleting all Open vSwitch bridges after starting ovsdb-server but before starting ovs-vswitchd.
The following options are less important:
Specifies the current working directory that the OVS daemons should run from. The default is / (the root directory) if this option is not specified. (This option is useful because most systems create core files in a process's current working directory and because a file system that is in use as a process's current working directory cannot be unmounted.)
By default, ovs-ctl enables core dumps for the OVS daemons. This option disables that behavior.
By default ovs-ctl passes --mlockall to ovs-vswitchd, requesting that it lock all of its virtual memory, preventing it from being paged to disk. This option suppresses that behavior.
Sets the nice(1) level used for each daemon. All of them default to -10.
Configures the specified daemon to run under wrapper, which is one of the following:
Run the daemon under valgrind(1), if it is installed, logging to daemon.valgrind.log.pid in the log directory.
Run the daemon under strace(1), if it is installed, logging to daemon.strace.log.pid in the log directory.
Enable GNU C library features designed to find memory errors.
By default, no wrapper is used.
Each of the wrappers can expose bugs in Open vSwitch that lead to incorrect operation, including crashes. The valgrind and strace wrappers greatly slow daemon operations so they should not be used in production. They also produce voluminous logs that can quickly fill small disk partitions. The glibc wrapper is less resource-intensive but still somewhat slows the daemons.
The following options control file locations. They should only be used if the default locations cannot be used. See FILES, below, for more information.
Overrides the file name for the OVS database.
Overrides the file name for the Unix domain socket used to connect to ovsdb-server.
Overrides the file name for the OVS database schema.
Adds file as an extra database for ovsdb-server to serve out. Multiple space-separated file names may also be specified. file should begin with /; if it does not, then it will be taken as relative to dbdir.
The stop command does not unload the Open vSwitch kernel modules.
This command does nothing and finishes successfully if the OVS daemons aren't running.
The restart command performs a stop followed by a start command. The command can take the same options as that of the start command. In addition, it saves and restores Openflow flows for each individual bridge.
The status command checks whether the OVS daemons ovs-vswitchd and ovsdb-server are running and prints messages with that information. It exits with status 0 if the daemons are running, 1 otherwise.
The version command runs ovsdb-server --version and ovs-vswitchd --version.
The force-reload-kmod command allows upgrading the Open vSwitch kernel module without rebooting. It performs the following tasks:
Gets a list of OVS ``internal'' interfaces, that is, network devices implemented by Open vSwitch. The most common examples of these are bridge ``local ports''.
Saves the Openflow flows of each bridge.
Stops the Open vSwitch daemons, as if by a call to ovs-ctl stop.
Saves the kernel configuration state of the OVS internal interfaces listed in step 1, including IP and IPv6 addresses and routing table entries.
Unloads the Open vSwitch kernel module (including the bridge compatibility module if it is loaded).
Starts OVS back up, as if by a call to ovs-ctl start. This reloads the kernel module, restarts the OVS daemons and finally restores the saved Openflow flows.
Restores the kernel configuration state that was saved in step 4.
Checks for daemons that may need to be restarted because they have packet sockets that are listening on old instances of Open vSwitch kernel interfaces and, if it finds any, prints a warning on stdout. DHCP is a common example: if the ISC DHCP client is running on an OVS internal interface, then it will have to be restarted after completing the above procedure. (It would be nice if ovs-ctl could restart daemons automatically, but the details are far too specific to a particular distribution and installation.)
force-kmod-reload internally stops and starts OVS, so it accepts all of the options accepted by the start command.
The load-kmod command loads the openvswitch kernel modules if they are not already loaded. This operation also occurs as part of the start command. The motivation for providing the load-kmod command is to allow errors when loading modules to be handled separatetly from other errors that may occur when running the start command.
By default the load-kmod command attempts to load the openvswitch kernel module.
The enable-protocol command checks for rules related to a specified protocol in the system's iptables(8) configuration. If there are no rules specifically related to that protocol, then it inserts a rule to accept the specified protocol.
More specifically:
If iptables is not installed or not enabled, this command does nothing, assuming that lack of filtering means that the protocol is enabled.
If the INPUT chain has a rule that matches the specified protocol, then this command does nothing, assuming that whatever rule is installed reflects the system administrator's decisions.
Otherwise, this command installs a rule that accepts traffic of the specified protocol.
This command normally completes successfully, even if it does nothing. Only the failure of an attempt to insert a rule normally causes it to return an exit code other than 0. The following options control the protocol to be enabled:
The name of the IP protocol to be enabled, such as gre or tcp. The default is gre.
TCP or UDP source or destination port to match. These are optional and allowed only with --protocol=tcp or --protocol=udp.
Prints a usage message and exits successfully.
In addition to the options listed for each command above, this option controls the behavior of several of ovs-ctl's commands.
ovs-ctl exits with status 0 on success and nonzero on failure. The start command is considered to succeed if OVS is already started; the stop command is considered to succeed if OVS is already stopped.
The following environment variables affect ovs-ctl:
ovs-ctl does not hardcode the location of any of the programs that it runs. ovs-ctl will add the sbindir and bindir that were specified at configure time to PATH, if they are not already present.
Setting one of these variables in the environment overrides the respective configure option, both for ovs-ctl itself and for the other Open vSwitch programs that it runs.
ovs-ctl uses the following files:
Shell function library used internally by ovs-ctl. It must be installed in the same directory as ovs-ctl.
Per-daemon logfiles.
Per-daemon pidfiles to track whether a daemon is running and with what process ID.
The OVS database schema used to initialize the database (use --db-schema to override this location).
The OVS database (use --db-file to override this location).
The Unix domain socket used for local communication with ovsdb-server (use --db-sock to override this location).
The persistent system UUID created and read by --system-id=random.
The system-type and system-version values stored in the database's Open_vSwitch table when not specified as a command-line option.
The files debian/openvswitch-switch.init and xenserver/etc_init.d_openvswitch in the Open vSwitch source distribution are good examples of how to use ovs-ctl.
README, INSTALL.Linux, ovsdb-server(8), ovs-vswitchd(8).