Wrapper around debootstrap for installing plain debian
grml-debootstrap [ options ]
[IMAGE]\s-2\u[1]\d\s+2 [Screenshot]
grml-debootstrap is a wrapper suite around debootstrap (and cdebootstrap if you want) for installing a plain Debian system very fast and easy.
All you have to do is adjust a few variables in the configuration file /etc/debootstrap/config or specify some command line options and invoke grml-debootstrap. If invoked without any configuration modifications or command line options a dialog based frontend will be available to control some basic configuration options.
A plain and base Debian system will be installed on the given device, directory or virtual image file then. Customization of this process is possible as well.
Caution
The Grml team does not take responsibility for loss of any data!
--arch architecture
Set target architecture you want to install. Defaults to the architecture you are currently running. If you\(cqre running an amd64 kernel and want to deploy an i386 system use this option. Note: deploying amd64 from an i386 kernel does not work. Example: "--arch i386"
--backportrepos
Enable Debian\(cqs Backports repository (\m[blue]http://backports.debian.org/\m[]) via the /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list configuration file. This provides the option to install Debian packages from Debian\(cqs backports repository.
--bootappend appendline-for-the-kernel
Specify appendline for the kernel. E.g. "pci=nomsi"
-c, --config file
Use specified configuration file, defaults to /etc/debootstrap/config.
--chroot-scripts directory
Execute chroot scripts from specified directory. This allows customisation of the chroot setup, the executable script(s) present in the given directory are executed at the end of the chroot procedure. Default directory: /etc/debootstrap/chroot-scripts/
-d, --confdir path
Place of configuration files for debootstrap, defaults to /etc/debootstrap.
--debconf file
Use specified file for preseeding Debian packages instead of using the default <confdir>/debconf-selections.
--debopt params
Extra parameters passed to the debootstrap command.
--debug
Execute in very verbose way. Useful for debugging possible problems with grml-debootstrap or identify what\(cqs actually executed.
--filesystem filesystem
Filesystem that should be created when installing to a partition. If unset defaults to ext4. Valid values are all filesystems that can be created through mkfs.filesystem.
--force
Skip user acknowledgement and do not prompt for user input.
--grmlrepos
Enable Grml.org\(cqs Debian repository (\m[blue]http://deb.grml.org/\m[]) via the /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grml.list configuration file. This provides the option to install Debian packages from Grml\(cqs repository.
--grub device
Device where grub should be installed to. Note that only the MBR (master boot record) can be used (/dev/sda, /dev/sdb,...). Partitions (like /dev/sda1, /dev/sdb2,...) are NOT supported because grub2 doesn\(cqt support installation into the PBR (partition boot record) anymore. Usage example: --grub /dev/sda. Note: just do not set this option to avoid installation of grub.
--help, -h
Show summary of options and exit.
--hostname hostname
Use specified hostname instead of the default (being $HOSTNAME or if unset grml).
-i, --iso /mntpoint
Specify mount point where you have a Debian ISO mounted loopback. Using this option instead of the mirror option gives you the possibility to install the base-system without network access. Make sure you mounted the according Debian-ISO to the given /mntpoint. See section Usage examples for a demonstration.
--keep_src_list
Do not overwrite user provided /etc/apt/sources.list.
-m, --mirror URL
Specify mirror which should be used for apt-get/aptitude. Corresponding with configuration variable MIRROR.
--nodebootstrap
Skip debootstrap, only do configuration to the target.
--nointerfaces
Do not copy /etc/network/interfaces from host system to the target. This option is automatically enabled when using --vm or --vmfile.
--nokernel
Skip installation of default kernel images. This option might be interesting for you if you want a Debian system which doesn\(cqt need to provide regular boot, e.g. a system which provides ISOs for booting via GRUB using grml-rescueboot.
--nopackages
Skip installation of packages defined in /etc/debootstrap/packages.
--nopassword
Do not prompt for the root password. Note: Use the --password option if you want to set the root password during an automatic installation but don\(cqt want to use the interactive dialog.
-p, --mntpoint /mntpoint
Specify mount point that should be used for mounting the target system. Corresponding with configuration variable MNTPOINT. Note: this option has no effect if option -t is given and represents a directory.
--packages file
Use specified file as list for packages that should be installed instead of the default package list file <confdir>/packages.
--password password
Use specified password as password for user root. Use with caution, as your command line might be visible in the process list and the shell history. It\(cqs meant for automatic installation only.
-r, --release releasename
Specify release of new Debian system. Supported releases names: lenny, squeeze, wheezy, jessie (note: requires a recent version of debootstrap) and sid. Corresponding with configuration variable RELEASE.
--pre-scripts directory
Execute scripts from specified directory before executing the chroot script. This allows customisation of the system before the chroot has been set up. The environment variable $MNTPOINT is available inside the scripts for direct access of the chroot. Default directory: /etc/debootstrap/pre-scripts/
--scripts directory
Execute scripts from specified directory. This allows customisation of the system after the chroot has been set up. The environment variable $MNTPOINT is available inside the scripts for direct access of the chroot. Default directory: /etc/debootstrap/scripts/
-t, --target target
Target partition (/dev/...) or directory (anything else without /dev at the beginning).
-v, --verbose
Increase verbosity.
--vm
Set up a Virtual Machine on an existing block device, which will be partitioned. This allows deployment of a Virtual Machine. The options needs to be combined with the --target option. Usage example: --vm --target /dev/mapper/your-vm-disk
--vmfile
Set up a Virtual Machine instead of installing to a partition or directory. This allows deployment of a Virtual Machine. The options needs to be combined with the --target option. Usage example: --vmfile --target /mnt/sda1/qemu.img
--vmsize size
Use specified size for size of Virtual Machine disk file. If not specified it defaults to 2G (being 2GB). Syntax as supported by qemu-img (see manpage qemu-img(1) for details. Usage example: --vmsize 3G
-V, --version
Show version of program and exit.
Warning
the command line parsing of grml-debootstrap usually does not validate the provided arguments for the command line options. Please be careful and check docs and /etc/debootstrap/config for further information.
grml-debootstrap --target /dev/sda1 --grub /dev/sda
Install default Debian release (jessie) on /dev/sda1 and install bootmanager Grub in MBR (master boot record) of /dev/sda and use /dev/sda1 as system partition.
grml-debootstrap --target /dev/sda6 --grub /dev/sda --release sid
Install Debian unstable/sid on /dev/sda6, install bootmanager Grub in MBR (master boot record) of /dev/sda and use /dev/sda6 as system partition.
mount /dev/sda1 /data/chroot grml-debootstrap --target /data/chroot
Install default Debian release (jessie) in directory /data/chroot (without any bootloader).
grml-debootstrap --target /dev/sda3 --grub /dev/sda --mirror ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian
Install default Debian release (jessie) on /dev/sda3 and install bootmanager Grub in MBR (master boot record) of /dev/sda and use /dev/sda3 as system partition. Use specified mirror instead of the default (\m[blue]http://http.debian.net/debian\m[]) one.
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1 grml-debootstrap --vmfile --vmsize 3G --target /mnt/sda1/qemu.img
Install default debian release (jessie) in a Virtual Machine file with 3GB disk size (including Grub as bootmanager in MBR of the virtual disk file):
mount -o loop /mnt/sda6/debian-CD-1.iso /mnt/iso grml-debootstrap --target /dev/sda1 --grub /dev/sda --iso file:/mnt/iso/debian/
Install Debian on /dev/sda1 using the loopback mounted Debian-ISO for the base-system and install bootmanager Grub in MBR (master boot record) of /dev/sda and use /dev/sda1 as system partition. Please notice, that the chroot system requires network access for all packages which are not part of the ISO.
/etc/debootstrap/config
Main configuration file. Adjust it according to your needs if you want to execute grml-debootstrap in the non-interactive mode without any special command line arguments.
/etc/debootstrap/chroot-script
The script executed within the new Debian system as soon as the main system has been installed via [c]debootstrap.
/etc/debootstrap/locale.gen
Defines the default locales used for generating locales via locale-gen.
/etc/debootstrap/packages
Defines the software packages which should be installed in the new Debian system by default.
/etc/debootstrap/extrapackages/
Debian Packages dropped in this directory will be installed into the new Debian system by default (Control variable: EXTRAPACKAGES)
You can control execution of grml-debootstrap via adjusting /etc/debootstrap/config for some main stuff or via setting some selected variables via command line. The packages which should be installed in the new Debian system can be defined via the file /etc/debootstrap/packages. If you want to put existing files to the new Debian system you can place them into the (by default non-existing) directories boot, etc, share, usr and var in /etc/debootstrap/. Every existing directory will be copied to the new Debian system then. If you want to install additional packages that are not available via the Grml or Debian mirror drop them into /etc/debootstrap/extrapackages and make sure that EXTRAPACKAGES is set to "yes".
If environment variable AUTOINSTALL is set grml-debootstrap can be executed in a full automatic mode. While this mode isn\(cqt really useful for interactive execution (just configure /etc/debootstrap/configure or specify the relevant variables on the command line instead) it is meant for use via boot option debian2hd on the Grml live system. The boot option debian2hd (more precise: the kernelname at the bootprompt) supports the following boot options (they correspond with the command line options mentioned above):
target=...
The target partition/directory of the new Debian system. Usage example: target=/dev/sda1
grub=...
Where do you want to install grub to? Usage example: grub=/dev/sda
release=...
Specify release of new Debian system. Defaults to Debian jessie. Supported relases: lenny, squeeze, wheezy, jessie and sid. Usage example: release=sid
mirror=...
Specify mirror which should be used for apt-get/aptitude instead of the default one (\m[blue]http://http.debian.net/debian\m[]). Usage example: mirror=ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian
password=...
Set password of user root without prompting for it but set it to the given argument. Usage example: password=AiTh5ahn
debian2hd target=/dev/sda1 grub=/dev/sda mirror=ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian password=foobar
You have to enter this command line at the bootprompt of the Grml live system. Please make sure that /dev/sda1 is the partition where you really want to install your new Debian system.
Note
Automatic installation within booting process is done in grml-autoconfig via setting environment variable AUTOINSTALL and creation of /usr/bin/grml-debootstrap_noninteractive with the available and relevant boot options for grml-debootstrap.
Current status (as of 2014-10-13):
+----------------+-------------+ | Release / Tool | debootstrap | +----------------+-------------+ | lenny | works [1] | +----------------+-------------+ | squeeze | works | +----------------+-------------+ | wheezy | works | +----------------+-------------+ | jessie | works | +----------------+-------------+ | sid | works [2] | +----------------+-------------+
lenny release
[1] Please notice that lenny is an unsupported release within Debian nowadays. grml-debootstrap can handle the release but you really should not use lenny anymore unless you really know what you are doing. Choose Debian 7.0 (wheezy) or something newer instead.
Notice that you need to specify a mirror providing the lenny release, the default (\m[blue]http://http.debian.net/debian\m[]) doesn\(cqt provide it any longer nowadays. Set the mirror to e.g. \m[blue]http://archive.debian.org/debian/\m[] if you don\(cqt have your own lenny mirror.
Also when debootstrapping lenny on a live system with a kernel version like "3.16-1-grml-amd64" lenny\(cqs libc will fail to install with:
[...] /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/preinst: line 265: [: 3.16-1-grml-amd64: integery expression expected /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/preinst: line 231: 3.16-1-grml-amd64: syntax error: invalid arithemtic operator (error token is ".16-1-grml-amd64") dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.7-18lenny7_amd64.deb (--install): [....]
To workaround this either debootstrap from a system with an according kernel version or use the "fake uname" workaround (just google for it).
When installing lenny to a new mdraid, grml-debootstrap will use md metadata format version 0.90. This limits the device to a maximum size of 2TB, but has the advantage of grub-legacy actually being able to boot from it.
unstable and testing releases
[2] Please notice that Debian/testing and Debian/unstable (sid) might not be always installable due to their nature. What might work instead is deploying a stable release and upgrade it after installation finished.
Probably. Please send bugreports to Michael Prokop <\m[blue][email protected]\m[]\s-2\u[2]\d\s+2>.
debootstrap (8), cdebootstrap (1).
Michael Prokop <\m[blue][email protected]\m[]\s-2\u[2]\d\s+2>
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