xs_tcp: Crossroads unicast transport using tcp

SYNOPSIS

TCP is an ubiquitous, reliable, unicast transport. When connecting distributed applications over a network with Crossroads, using the TCP transport will likely be your first choice.

ADDRESSING

A Crossroads address string consists of two parts as follows: transport://[source address;]endpoint. The transport part specifies the underlying transport protocol to use, and for the TCP transport shall be set to tcp. source address is optional. The meaning of the endpoint part for the TCP transport is defined below.

Assigning a local address to a socket

When assigning a local address to a socket using xs_bind() with the tcp transport, the endpoint shall be interpreted as an interface followed by a colon and the TCP port number to use.

An interface may be specified by either of the following:

The wild-card *, meaning all available interfaces.

The primary IPv4 or IPv6 address assigned to the interface, in its numeric representation.

The interface name as defined by the operating system.

Note

Interface names are not standardised in any way and should be assumed to be arbitrary and platform dependent. On Win32 platforms no short interface names exist, thus only the primary IP address may be used to specify an interface.

Connecting a socket

When connecting a socket to a peer address using xs_connect() with the tcp transport, the endpoint shall be interpreted as a peer address followed by a colon and the TCP port number to use.

A peer address may be specified by either of the following:

The DNS name of the peer.

The IPv4 or IPv6 address of the peer, in it\(cqs numeric representation.

WIRE FORMAT

Crossroads messages are transmitted over TCP in frames consisting of an encoded payload length, followed by a flags field and the message body. The payload length is defined as the combined length in octets of the message body and the flags field.

For frames with a payload length not exceeding 254 octets, the payload length shall be encoded as a single octet. The minimum valid payload length of a frame is 1 octet, thus a payload length of 0 octets is invalid and such frames SHOULD be ignored.

For frames with a payload length exceeding 254 octets, the payload length shall be encoded as a single octet with the value 255 followed by the payload length represented as a 64-bit unsigned integer in network byte order.

The flags field consists of a single octet containing various control flags:

Bit 0 (MORE): More message parts to follow. A value of 0 indicates that there are no more message parts to follow; or that the message being sent is not a multi-part message. A value of 1 indicates that the message being sent is a multi-part message and more message parts are to follow.

Bits 1-7: Reserved. Bits 1-7 are reserved for future expansion and MUST be set to zero.

The following ABNF grammar represents a single frame:

    frame           = (length flags data)
    length          = OCTET / (escape 8OCTET)
    flags           = OCTET
    escape          = %xFF
    data            = *OCTET

The following diagram illustrates the layout of a frame with a payload length not exceeding 254 octets:

0                   1                   2                   3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Payload length|     Flags     |       Message body        ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message body ...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+- ...

The following diagram illustrates the layout of a frame with a payload length exceeding 254 octets:

0                   1                   2                   3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     0xff      |               Payload length              ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                       Payload length                      ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Payload length|     Flags     |        Message body       ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|  Message body ...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ...

EXAMPLES

Assigning a local address to a socket.

/* TCP port 5555 on all available interfaces */
rc = xs_bind(socket, "tcp://*:5555");
assert (rc != -1);
/* TCP port 5555 on the local loop-back interface on all platforms */
rc = xs_bind(socket, "tcp://127.0.0.1:5555");
assert (rc != -1);
/* TCP port 5555 on the first Ethernet network interface on Linux */
rc = xs_bind(socket, "tcp://eth0:5555");
assert (rc != -1);

Connecting a socket.

/* Connecting using an IP address */
rc = xs_connect(socket, "tcp://192.168.1.1:5555");
assert (rc != -1);
/* Connecting using a DNS name */
rc = xs_connect(socket, "tcp://server1:5555");
assert (rc != -1);

RELATED TO xs_tcp…

xs_bind(3) xs_connect(3) xs_pgm(7) xs_ipc(7) xs_inproc(7) xs(7)

AUTHORS

The Crossroads documentation was written by Martin Sustrik <\m[blue][email protected]\m[]\s-2\u[1]\d\s+2> and Martin Lucina <\m[blue][email protected]\m[]\s-2\u[2]\d\s+2>.