snmp_config (5)

The Net-SNMP package uses various configuration files to configure its applications. This manual page merely describes the overall nature of them, so that the other manual pages don't have to.

First off, there are numerous places that configuration files can be found and read from. By default, the applications look for configuration files in the following 4 directories, in order: /etc/snmp, /usr/share/snmp, /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/snmp, and $HOME/.snmp. In each of these directories, it looks for files with the extension of both conf and local.conf (reading the second ones last). In this manner, there are 8 default places a configuration file can exist for any given configuration file type.

Additionally, the above default search path can be overridden by setting the environment variable SNMPCONFPATH to a colon-separated list of directories to search for. The path for the persistent data should be included when running applications that use persistent storage, such as snmpd.

Applications will read persistent configuration files in the following order of preference:

file in SNMP_PERSISTENT_FILE environment variable

directories in SNMPCONFPATH environment variable

directory defined by persistentDir snmp.conf variable

directory in SNMP_PERSISTENT_DIR environment variable

default /var/lib/snmp directory

Finally, applications will write persistent configuration files in the following order of preference:

file in SNMP_PERSISTENT_FILE environment variable

directory defined by persistentDir snmp.conf variable

directory in SNMP_PERSISTENT_DIR environment variable

default /var/lib/snmp directory

Note: When using SNMP_PERSISTENT_FILE, the filename should match the application name. For example, /var/net-snmp/snmpd.conf.

Each application may use multiple configuration files, which will configure various different aspects of the application. For instance, the SNMP agent (snmpd) knows how to understand configuration directives in both the snmpd.conf and the snmp.conf files. In fact, most applications understand how to read the contents of the snmp.conf files. Note, however, that configuration directives understood in one file may not be understood in another file. For further information, read the associated manual page with each configuration file type. Also, most of the applications support a -H switch on the command line that will list the configuration files it will look for and the directives in each one that it understands.

The snmp.conf configuration file is intended to be a application suite wide configuration file that supports directives that are useful for controlling the fundamental nature of all of the SNMP applications, such as how they all manipulate and parse the textual SNMP MIB files.

It's possible to switch in mid-file the configuration type that the parser is supposed to be reading. Since that sentence doesn't make much sense, lets give you an example: say that you wanted to turn on packet dumping output for the agent by default, but you didn't want to do that for the rest of the applications (ie, snmpget, snmpwalk, ...). Normally to enable packet dumping in the configuration file you'd need to put a line like:

dumpPacket true

into the snmp.conf file. But, this would turn it on for all of the applications. So, instead, you can put the same line in the snmpd.conf file so that it only applies to the snmpd daemon. However, you need to tell the parser to expect this line. You do this by putting a special type specification token inside a [] set. In other words, inside your snmpd.conf file you could put the above snmp.conf directive by adding a line like so:

[snmp] dumpPacket true

This tells the parser to parse the above line as if it were inside a snmp.conf file instead of an snmpd.conf file. If you want to parse a bunch of lines rather than just one then you can make the context switch apply to the remainder of the file or until the next context switch directive by putting the special token on a line by itself:

# make this file handle snmp.conf tokens:
[snmp]
dumpPacket true
logTimestamp true
# return to our original snmpd.conf tokens:
[snmpd]
rocommunity mypublic

The same approach can be used to set configuration directives for a particular client application (or group of applications). For example, any program that uses the 'snmp_parse_args()' call to handle command-line arguments (including the standard command-line tools shipped as part of the Net-SNMP distributions) will automatically read the config file 'snmpapp.conf'. To set library-level settings for these applications (but not other more-specific tools), use configuration such as the following:

[snmp] defCommunity myCommunity

for a single directive, or

# make this file handle snmp.conf tokens:
[snmp]
defCommunity myCommunity
defVersion   2c
# return to our original snmpapp.conf tokens:
[snmpapp]

for multiple settings. Similarly for any other application token (as passed to init_snmp()).

Any lines beginning with the character '#' in the configuration files are treated as a comment and are not parsed.

It is possible to include other configuration files for processing during normal configuration file processing.:

# include site specific config
include site.conf

This will search every directory in the configuration path for files named site.conf, and will process those files before returning to the processing of the original file. Note that if '.conf' is omitted, it will be appended. That is, all configuration files must end in '.conf'.

Information about writing C code that makes use of this system in either the agent's MIB modules or in applications can be found in the netsnmp_config_api(3) manual page.

snmpconf(1), netsnmp_config_api(3), snmp.conf(5), snmpd.conf(5)