Shorewall interfaces file
/etc/shorewall/interfaces
The interfaces file serves to define the firewall's network interfaces to Shorewall. The order of entries in this file is not significant in determining zone composition.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.3, the interfaces file supports two different formats:
FORMAT 1 (default - deprecated)
There is a BROADCAST column which can be used to specify the broadcast address associated with the interface.
FORMAT 2
The BROADCAST column is omitted.
The format is specified by a line as follows:
[?]FORMAT {1|2}
The optional '?' was introduced in Shorewall 4.5.11 and ?FORMAT is the preferred form; the form without the '?' is deprecated.
The columns in the file are as follows.
ZONE - zone-name
Zone for this interface. Must match the name of a zone declared in /etc/shorewall/zones. You may not list the firewall zone in this column.
If the interface serves multiple zones that will be defined in the \m[blue]shorewall-hosts\m[]\s-2\u[1]\d\s+2(5) file, you should place "-" in this column.
If there are multiple interfaces to the same zone, you must list them in separate entries.
Example:
#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST loc eth1 - loc eth2 -
INTERFACE - interface[:port]
Logical name of interface. Each interface may be listed only once in this file. You may NOT specify the name of a "virtual" interface (e.g., eth0:0) here; see \m[blue]http://www.shorewall.net/FAQ.htm#faq18\m[]\s-2\u[2]\d\s+2. If the physical option is not specified, then the logical name is also the name of the actual interface.
You may use wildcards here by specifying a prefix followed by the plus sign ("+"). For example, if you want to make an entry that applies to all PPP interfaces, use 'ppp+'; that would match ppp0, ppp1, ppp2, ... Please note that the '+' means 'one or more additional characters' so 'ppp' does not match 'ppp+'.
When using Shorewall versions before 4.1.4, care must be exercised when using wildcards where there is another zone that uses a matching specific interface. See \m[blue]shorewall-nesting\m[]\s-2\u[3]\d\s+2(5) for a discussion of this problem.
Shorewall allows '+' as an interface name.
There is no need to define the loopback interface (lo) in this file.
If a port is given, then the interface must have been defined previously with the bridge option. The OPTIONS column may not contain the following options when a port is given.
arp_filter
arp_ignore
bridge
log_martians
mss
optional
proxyarp
required
routefilter
sourceroute
upnp
wait
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.17, if you specify a zone for the 'lo' interface, then that zone must be defined as type local in \m[blue]shorewall6-zones\m[]\s-2\u[4]\d\s+2(5).
BROADCAST (Optional) - {-|detect|address[,address]...}
Only available if FORMAT 1.
If you use the special value detect, Shorewall will detect the broadcast address(es) for you if your iptables and kernel include Address Type Match support.
If your iptables and/or kernel lack Address Type Match support then you may list the broadcast address(es) for the network(s) to which the interface belongs. For P-T-P interfaces, this column is left blank. If the interface has multiple addresses on multiple subnets then list the broadcast addresses as a comma-separated list.
If you don't want to give a value for this column but you want to enter a value in the OPTIONS column, enter - in this column.
OPTIONS (Optional) - [option[,option]...]
A comma-separated list of options from the following list. The order in which you list the options is not significant but the list should have no embedded white-space.
arp_filter[={0|1}]
If specified, this interface will only respond to ARP who-has requests for IP addresses configured on the interface. If not specified, the interface can respond to ARP who-has requests for IP addresses on any of the firewall's interface. The interface must be up when Shorewall is started.
Only those interfaces with the arp_filter option will have their setting changed; the value assigned to the setting will be the value specified (if any) or 1 if no value is given.
Note
This option does not work with a wild-card interface name (e.g., eth0.+) in the INTERFACE column.
arp_ignore[=number]
If specified, this interface will respond to arp requests based on the value of number (defaults to 1).
1 - reply only if the target IP address is local address configured on the incoming interface
2 - reply only if the target IP address is local address configured on the incoming interface and the sender's IP address is part from same subnet on this interface's address
3 - do not reply for local addresses configured with scope host, only resolutions for global and link
4-7 - reserved
8 - do not reply for all local addresses
Note
This option does not work with a wild-card interface name (e.g., eth0.+) in the INTERFACE column.
Warning
Do not specify arp_ignore for any interface involved in \m[blue]Proxy ARP\m[]\s-2\u[5]\d\s+2.
blacklist
Checks packets arriving on this interface against the \m[blue]shorewall-blacklist\m[]\s-2\u[6]\d\s+2(5) file.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.13:
If a zone is given in the ZONES column, then the behavior is as if blacklist had been specified in the IN_OPTIONS column of \m[blue]shorewall-zones\m[]\s-2\u[7]\d\s+2(5).
Otherwise, the option is ignored with a warning: WARNING: The 'blacklist' option is ignored on multi-zone interfaces
bridge
Designates the interface as a bridge. Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.7, setting this option also sets routeback.
destonly
Added in Shorewall 4.5.17. Causes the compiler to omit rules to handle traffic from this interface.
dhcp
Specify this option when any of the following are true:
the interface gets its IP address via DHCP
the interface is used by a DHCP server running on the firewall
the interface has a static IP but is on a LAN segment with lots of DHCP clients.
the interface is a \m[blue]simple bridge\m[]\s-2\u[8]\d\s+2 with a DHCP server on one port and DHCP clients on another port.
Note
If you use \m[blue]Shorewall-perl for firewall/bridging\m[]\s-2\u[9]\d\s+2, then you need to include DHCP-specific rules in \m[blue]shorewall-rules\m[]\s-2\u[10]\d\s+2(8). DHCP uses UDP ports 67 and 68.
This option allows DHCP datagrams to enter and leave the interface.
ignore[=1]
When specified, causes the generated script to ignore up/down events from Shorewall-init for this device. Additionally, the option exempts the interface from hairpin filtering. When '=1' is omitted, the ZONE column must contain '-' and ignore must be the only OPTION.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.5, may be specified as 'ignore=1' which only causes the generated script to ignore up/down events from Shorewall-init; hairpin filtering is still applied. In this case, the above restrictions on the ZONE and OPTIONS columns are lifted.
logmartians[={0|1}]
Turn on kernel martian logging (logging of packets with impossible source addresses. It is strongly suggested that if you set routefilter on an interface that you also set logmartians. Even if you do not specify the routefilter option, it is a good idea to specify logmartians because your distribution may have enabled route filtering without you knowing it.
Only those interfaces with the logmartians option will have their setting changed; the value assigned to the setting will be the value specified (if any) or 1 if no value is given.
To find out if route filtering is set on a given interface, check the contents of /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/interface/rp_filter - a non-zero value indicates that route filtering is enabled.
Example:
teastep@lists:~$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/rp_filter
1
teastep@lists:~$
Note
This option does not work with a wild-card interface name (e.g., eth0.+) in the INTERFACE column.
This option may also be enabled globally in the \m[blue]shorewall.conf\m[]\s-2\u[11]\d\s+2(5) file.
maclist
Connection requests from this interface are compared against the contents of \m[blue]shorewall-maclist\m[]\s-2\u[12]\d\s+2(5). If this option is specified, the interface must be an Ethernet NIC and must be up before Shorewall is started.
mss=number
Added in Shorewall 4.0.3. Causes forwarded TCP SYN packets entering or leaving on this interface to have their MSS field set to the specified number.
nets=(net[,...])
Limit the zone named in the ZONE column to only the listed networks. The parentheses may be omitted if only a single net is given (e.g., nets=192.168.1.0/24). Limited broadcast to the zone is supported. Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.1, multicast traffic to the zone is also supported.
nets=dynamic
Defines the zone as dynamic. Requires ipset match support in your iptables and kernel. See \m[blue]http://www.shorewall.net/Dynamic.html\m[]\s-2\u[13]\d\s+2 for further information.
nosmurfs
Filter packets for smurfs (packets with a broadcast address as the source).
Smurfs will be optionally logged based on the setting of SMURF_LOG_LEVEL in \m[blue]shorewall.conf\m[]\s-2\u[11]\d\s+2(5). After logging, the packets are dropped.
optional
When optional is specified for an interface, Shorewall will be silent when:
a /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ entry for the interface cannot be modified (including for proxy ARP).
The first address of the interface cannot be obtained.
May not be specified with required.
physical=name
Added in Shorewall 4.4.4. When specified, the interface or port name in the INTERFACE column is a logical name that refers to the name given in this option. It is useful when you want to specify the same wildcard port name on two or more bridges. See \m[blue]http://www.shorewall.net/bridge-Shorewall-perl.html#Multiple\m[]\s-2\u[14]\d\s+2.
If the interface name is a wildcard name (ends with '+'), then the physical name must also end in '+'.
If physical is not specified, then it's value defaults to the interface name.
proxyarp[={0|1}]
Sets /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/interface/proxy_arp. Do NOT use this option if you are employing Proxy ARP through entries in \m[blue]shorewall-proxyarp\m[]\s-2\u[15]\d\s+2(5). This option is intended solely for use with Proxy ARP sub-networking as described at: \m[blue]http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Proxy-ARP-Subnet/index.html.\m[]\s-2\u[16]\d\s+2
Note: This option does not work with a wild-card interface name (e.g., eth0.+) in the INTERFACE column.
Only those interfaces with the proxyarp option will have their setting changed; the value assigned to the setting will be the value specified (if any) or 1 if no value is given.
required
Added in Shorewall 4.4.10. If this option is set, the firewall will fail to start if the interface is not usable. May not be specified together with optional.
routeback[={0|1}]
If specified, indicates that Shorewall should include rules that allow traffic arriving on this interface to be routed back out that same interface. This option is also required when you have used a wildcard in the INTERFACE column if you want to allow traffic between the interfaces that match the wildcard.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.20, if you specify this option, then you should also specify either sfilter (see below) or routefilter on all interfaces (see below).
Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.18, you may specify this option to explicitly reset (e.g., routeback=0). This can be used to override Shorewall's default setting for bridge devices which is routeback=1.
routefilter[={0|1|2}]
Turn on kernel route filtering for this interface (anti-spoofing measure).
Only those interfaces with the routefilter option will have their setting changes; the value assigned to the setting will be the value specified (if any) or 1 if no value is given.
The value 2 is only available with Shorewall 4.4.5.1 and later when the kernel version is 2.6.31 or later. It specifies a loose form of reverse path filtering.
Note
This option does not work with a wild-card interface name (e.g., eth0.+) in the INTERFACE column.
This option can also be enabled globally via the ROUTE_FILTER option in the \m[blue]shorewall.conf\m[]\s-2\u[11]\d\s+2(5) file.
Important
If ROUTE_FILTER=Yes in \m[blue]shorewall.conf\m[]\s-2\u[11]\d\s+2(5), or if your distribution sets net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf, then setting routefilter=0 in an interface entry will not disable route filtering on that interface! The effective setting for an interface is the maximum of the contents of /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter and the routefilter setting specified in this file (/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/interface/rp_filter).
Note
There are certain cases where routefilter cannot be used on an interface:
If USE_DEFAULT_RT=Yes in \m[blue]shorewall.conf\m[]\s-2\u[11]\d\s+2(5) and the interface is listed in \m[blue]shorewall-providers\m[]\s-2\u[17]\d\s+2(5).
If there is an entry for the interface in \m[blue]shorewall-providers\m[]\s-2\u[17]\d\s+2(5) that doesn't specify the balance option.
If IPSEC is used to allow a road-warrior to have a local address, then any interface through which the road-warrior might connect cannot specify routefilter.
rpfilter
Added in Shorewall 4.5.7. This is an anti-spoofing measure that requires the 'RPFilter Match' capability in your iptables and kernel. It provides a more efficient alternative to the sfilter option below. It performs a function similar to routefilter (see above) but works with Multi-ISP configurations that do now use balanced routes.
sfilter=(net[,...])
Added in Shorewall 4.4.20. This option provides an anti-spoofing alternative to routefilter on interfaces where that option cannot be used, but where the routeback option is required (on a bridge, for example). On these interfaces, sfilter should list those local networks that are connected to the firewall through other interfaces.
sourceroute[={0|1}]
If this option is not specified for an interface, then source-routed packets will not be accepted from that interface unless it has been explicitly enabled via sysconf. Only set this option to 1 (enable source routing) if you know what you are doing. This might represent a security risk and is usually unneeded.
Only those interfaces with the sourceroute option will have their setting changed; the value assigned to the setting will be the value specified (if any) or 1 if no value is given.
Note
This option does not work with a wild-card interface name (e.g., eth0.+) in the INTERFACE column.
tcpflags[={0|1}]
Packets arriving on this interface are checked for certain illegal combinations of TCP flags. Packets found to have such a combination of flags are handled according to the setting of TCP_FLAGS_DISPOSITION after having been logged according to the setting of TCP_FLAGS_LOG_LEVEL.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.0, tcpflags=1 is the default. To disable this option, specify tcpflags=0.
unmanaged
Added in Shorewall 4.5.18. Causes all traffic between the firewall and hosts on the interface to be accepted. When this option is given:
The ZONE column must contain '-'.
Only the following other options are allowed with unmanaged:
arp_filter
arp_ignore
ignore
routefilter
optional
physical
routefilter
sourceroute
proxyndp
upnp
Incoming requests from this interface may be remapped via UPNP (upnpd). See \m[blue]http://www.shorewall.net/UPnP.html\m[]\s-2\u[18]\d\s+2.
upnpclient
This option is intended for laptop users who always run Shorewall on their system yet need to run UPnP-enabled client apps such as Transmission (BitTorrent client). The option causes Shorewall to detect the default gateway through the interface and to accept UDP packets from that gateway. Note that, like all aspects of UPnP, this is a security hole so use this option at your own risk.
wait=seconds
Added in Shorewall 4.4.10. Causes the generated script to wait up to seconds seconds for the interface to become usable before applying the required or optional options.
Example 1:
Suppose you have eth0 connected to a DSL modem and eth1 connected to your local network and that your local subnet is 192.168.1.0/24. The interface gets its IP address via DHCP from subnet 206.191.149.192/27. You have a DMZ with subnet 192.168.2.0/24 using eth2. Your iptables and/or kernel do not support "Address Type Match" and you prefer to specify broadcast addresses explicitly rather than having Shorewall detect them.
Your entries for this setup would look like:
FORMAT 1 #ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS net eth0 206.191.149.223 dhcp loc eth1 192.168.1.255 dmz eth2 192.168.2.255
Example 2:
The same configuration without specifying broadcast addresses is:
FORMAT 2 #ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS net eth0 dhcp loc eth1 dmz eth2
Example 3:
You have a simple dial-in system with no Ethernet connections.
FORMAT 2 #ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS net ppp0 -
Example 4 (Shorewall 4.4.9 and later):
You have a bridge with no IP address and you want to allow traffic through the bridge.
FORMAT 2 #ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS - br0 routeback
/etc/shorewall/interfaces
\m[blue]http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs\m[]\s-2\u[19]\d\s+2
shorewall(8), shorewall-accounting(5), shorewall-actions(5), shorewall-blacklist(5), shorewall-hosts(5), shorewall-maclist(5), shorewall-masq(5), shorewall-nat(5), shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5), shorewall-policy(5), shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5), shorewall-rtrules(5), shorewall-routestopped(5), shorewall-rules(5), shorewall.conf(5), shorewall-secmarks(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5), shorewall-tcdevices(5), shorewall-mangle(5), shorewall-tos(5), shorewall-tunnels(5), shorewall-zones(5)
shorewall-hosts
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-hosts.html
http://www.shorewall.net/FAQ.htm#faq18
http://www.shorewall.net/FAQ.htm#faq18
shorewall-nesting
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-nesting.html
shorewall6-zones
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages6/shorewall6-zones.html
Proxy ARP
http://www.shorewall.net../ProxyARP.htm
shorewall-blacklist
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-blacklist.html
shorewall-zones
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-zones.html
simple bridge
http://www.shorewall.net../SimpleBridge.html
Shorewall-perl for firewall/bridging
http://www.shorewall.net../bridge-Shorewall-perl.html
shorewall-rules
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-rules.html
shorewall.conf
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall.conf.html
shorewall-maclist
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-maclist.html
http://www.shorewall.net/Dynamic.html
http://www.shorewall.net/Dynamic.html
http://www.shorewall.net/bridge-Shorewall-perl.html#Multiple
http://www.shorewall.net/bridge-Shorewall-perl.html#Multiple
shorewall-proxyarp
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-proxyarp.html
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Proxy-ARP-Subnet/index.html.
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Proxy-ARP-Subnet/index.html
shorewall-providers
http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-providers.html
http://www.shorewall.net/UPnP.html
http://www.shorewall.net/UPnP.html
http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs
http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs