tesseract1
Command-line ocr engine
Usage
tesseract FILE
OUTPUTBASE
[OPTIONS] ...
[CONFIGFILE] ...
Overview
tesseract(1) is a commercial quality OCR engine originally developed at HP between 1985 and 1995. In 1995, this engine was among the top 3 evaluated by UNLV. It was open-sourced by HP and UNLV in 2005, and has been developed at Google until 2018.
In/out arguments
FILE
The name of the input file. This can either be an image file or a text file.
Most image file formats (anything readable by Leptonica) are supported.
A text file lists the names of all input images (one image name per line). The results will be combined in a single file for each output file format (txt, pdf, hocr, xml).
If FILE is stdin or - then the standard input is used.
OUTPUTBASE
The basename of the output file (to which the appropriate extension will be appended). By default the output will be a text file with .txt added to the basename unless there are one or more parameters set which explicitly specify the desired output.
If OUTPUTBASE is stdout or - then the standard output is used.
Options
-
-c CONFIGVAR=VALUE -
Set value for parameter CONFIGVAR to VALUE. Multiple
-carguments are allowed.
-
--dpi N -
Specify the resolution N in DPI for the input image(s). A typical value for N is 300. Without this option, the resolution is read from the metadata included in the image. If an image does not include that information, Tesseract tries to guess it.
-
-l LANG, -l SCRIPT -
The language or script to use. If none is specified, eng (English) is assumed. Multiple languages may be specified, separated by plus characters. Tesseract uses 3-character ISO 639-2 language codes (see LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS).
-
--psm N -
Set Tesseract to only run a subset of layout analysis and assume a certain form of image. The options for N are:
0 = Orientation and script detection (OSD) only. 1 = Automatic page segmentation with OSD. 2 = Automatic page segmentation, but no OSD, or OCR. (not implemented) 3 = Fully automatic page segmentation, but no OSD. (Default) 4 = Assume a single column of text of variable sizes. 5 = Assume a single uniform block of vertically aligned text. 6 = Assume a single uniform block of text. 7 = Treat the image as a single text line. 8 = Treat the image as a single word. 9 = Treat the image as a single word in a circle. 10 = Treat the image as a single character. 11 = Sparse text. Find as much text as possible in no particular order. 12 = Sparse text with OSD. 13 = Raw line. Treat the image as a single text line, bypassing hacks that are Tesseract-specific.
-
--oem N -
Specify OCR Engine mode. The options for N are:
0 = Original Tesseract only. 1 = Neural nets LSTM only. 2 = Tesseract + LSTM. 3 = Default, based on what is available.
-
--tessdata-dir PATH -
Specify the location of tessdata path.
-
--user-patterns FILE -
Specify the location of user patterns file.
-
--user-words FILE -
Specify the location of user words file.
CONFIGFILE
The name of a config to use. The name can be a file in tessdata/configs or tessdata/tessconfigs, or an absolute or relative file path. A config is a plain text file which contains a list of parameters and their values, one per line, with a space separating parameter from value.
Interesting config files include:
• alto — Output in ALTO format (OUTPUTBASE.xml).
• hocr — Output in hOCR format (OUTPUTBASE.hocr).
• page — Output in PAGE format (OUTPUTBASE.page.xml). The output can be customized with the flags: page_xml_polygon — Create polygons instead of bounding boxes (default: true) page_xml_level — Create the PAGE file on 0=linelevel or 1=wordlevel (default: 0)
• pdf — Output PDF (OUTPUTBASE.pdf).
• tsv — Output TSV (OUTPUTBASE.tsv).
• txt — Output plain text (OUTPUTBASE.txt).
• get.images — Write processed input images to file (OUTPUTBASE.processedPAGENUMBER.tif).
• logfile — Redirect debug messages to file (tesseract.log).
• lstm.train — Output files used by LSTM training (OUTPUTBASE.lstmf).
• makebox — Write box file (OUTPUTBASE.box).
• quiet — Redirect debug messages to /dev/null.
It is possible to select several config files, for example tesseract image.png demo alto hocr pdf txt will create four output files demo.alto, demo.hocr, demo.pdf and demo.txt with the OCR results.
Nota bene: The options -l LANG, -l SCRIPT and --psm N must occur before any CONFIGFILE.
Options
-
-h, --help -
Show help message.
-
--help-extra -
Show extra help for advanced users.
-
--help-psm -
Show page segmentation modes.
-
--help-oem -
Show OCR Engine modes.
-
-v, --version -
Returns the current version of the tesseract(1) executable.
-
--list-langs -
List available languages for tesseract engine. Can be used with
--tessdata-dirPATH.
-
--print-parameters -
Print tesseract parameters.
Languages and scripts
To recognize some text with Tesseract, it is normally necessary to specify the language(s) or script(s) of the text (unless it is English text which is supported by default) using -l LANG or -l SCRIPT.
Selecting a language automatically also selects the language specific character set and dictionary (word list).
Selecting a script typically selects all characters of that script which can be from different languages. The dictionary which is included also contains a mix from different languages. In most cases, a script also supports English. So it is possible to recognize a language that has not been specifically trained for by using traineddata for the script it is written in.
More than one language or script may be specified by using +. Example: tesseract myimage.png myimage -l eng+deu+fra.
https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tessdata_fast provides fast language and script models which are also part of Linux distributions.
For Tesseract 4, tessdata_fast includes traineddata files for the following languages:
afr (Afrikaans), amh (Amharic), ara (Arabic), asm (Assamese), aze (Azerbaijani), aze_cyrl (Azerbaijani - Cyrilic), bel (Belarusian), ben (Bengali), bod (Tibetan), bos (Bosnian), bre (Breton), bul (Bulgarian), cat (Catalan; Valencian), ceb (Cebuano), ces (Czech), chi_sim (Chinese simplified), chi_tra (Chinese traditional), chr (Cherokee), cos (Corsican), cym (Welsh), dan (Danish), deu (German), deu_latf (German Fraktur Latin), div (Dhivehi), dzo (Dzongkha), ell (Greek, Modern, 1453-), eng (English), enm (English, Middle, 1100-1500), epo (Esperanto), equ (Math / equation detection module), est (Estonian), eus (Basque), fas (Persian), fao (Faroese), fil (Filipino), fin (Finnish), fra (French), frm (French, Middle, ca.1400-1600), fry (West Frisian), gla (Scottish Gaelic), gle (Irish), glg (Galician), grc (Greek, Ancient, to 1453), guj (Gujarati), hat (Haitian; Haitian Creole), heb (Hebrew), hin (Hindi), hrv (Croatian), hun (Hungarian), hye (Armenian), iku (Inuktitut), ind (Indonesian), isl (Icelandic), ita (Italian), ita_old (Italian - Old), jav (Javanese), jpn (Japanese), kan (Kannada), kat (Georgian), kat_old (Georgian - Old), kaz (Kazakh), khm (Central Khmer), kir (Kirghiz; Kyrgyz), kmr (Kurdish Kurmanji), kor (Korean), kor_vert (Korean vertical), lao (Lao), lat (Latin), lav (Latvian), lit (Lithuanian), ltz (Luxembourgish), mal (Malayalam), mar (Marathi), mkd (Macedonian), mlt (Maltese), mon (Mongolian), mri (Maori), msa (Malay), mya (Burmese), nep (Nepali), nld (Dutch; Flemish), nor (Norwegian), oci (Occitan post 1500), ori (Oriya), osd (Orientation and script detection module), pan (Panjabi; Punjabi), pol (Polish), por (Portuguese), pus (Pushto; Pashto), que (Quechua), ron (Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan), rus (Russian), san (Sanskrit), sin (Sinhala; Sinhalese), slk (Slovak), slv (Slovenian), snd (Sindhi), spa (Spanish; Castilian), spa_old (Spanish; Castilian - Old), sqi (Albanian), srp (Serbian), srp_latn (Serbian - Latin), sun (Sundanese), swa (Swahili), swe (Swedish), syr (Syriac), tam (Tamil), tat (Tatar), tel (Telugu), tgk (Tajik), tha (Thai), tir (Tigrinya), ton (Tonga), tur (Turkish), uig (Uighur; Uyghur), ukr (Ukrainian), urd (Urdu), uzb (Uzbek), uzb_cyrl (Uzbek - Cyrilic), vie (Vietnamese), yid (Yiddish), yor (Yoruba)
To use a non-standard language pack named foo.traineddata, set the TESSDATA_PREFIX environment variable so the file can be found at TESSDATA_PREFIX/tessdata/foo.traineddata and give Tesseract the argument -l foo.
For Tesseract 4, tessdata_fast includes traineddata files for the following scripts:
Arabic, Armenian, Bengali, Canadian_Aboriginal, Cherokee, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Ethiopic, Fraktur, Georgian, Greek, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, HanS (Han simplified), HanS_vert (Han simplified, vertical), HanT (Han traditional), HanT_vert (Han traditional, vertical), Hangul, Hangul_vert (Hangul vertical), Hebrew, Japanese, Japanese_vert (Japanese vertical), Kannada, Khmer, Lao, Latin, Malayalam, Myanmar, Oriya (Odia), Sinhala, Syriac, Tamil, Telugu, Thaana, Thai, Tibetan, Vietnamese.
The same languages and scripts are available from https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tessdata_best. tessdata_best provides slow language and script models. These models are needed for training. They also can give better OCR results, but the recognition takes much more time.
Both tessdata_fast and tessdata_best only support the LSTM OCR engine.
There is a third repository, https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tessdata, with models which support both the Tesseract 3 legacy OCR engine and the Tesseract 4 LSTM OCR engine.
Config files and augmenting with user data
Tesseract config files consist of lines with parameter-value pairs (space separated). The parameters are documented as flags in the source code like the following one in tesseractclass.h:
STRING_VAR_H(tessedit_char_blacklist, "", "Blacklist of chars not to recognize");
These parameters may enable or disable various features of the engine, and may cause it to load (or not load) various data. For instance, let’s suppose you want to OCR in English, but suppress the normal dictionary and load an alternative word list and an alternative list of patterns — these two files are the most commonly used extra data files.
If your language pack is in /path/to/eng.traineddata and the hocr config is in /path/to/configs/hocr then create three new files:
/path/to/eng.user-words:
the quick brown fox jumped
/path/to/eng.user-patterns:
1-\d\d\d-GOOG-411 www.\n\\\*.com
/path/to/configs/bazaar:
load_system_dawg F load_freq_dawg F user_words_suffix user-words user_patterns_suffix user-patterns
Now, if you pass the word bazaar as a CONFIGFILE to Tesseract, Tesseract will not bother loading the system dictionary nor the dictionary of frequent words and will load and use the eng.user-words and eng.user-patterns files you provided. The former is a simple word list, one per line. The format of the latter is documented in dict/trie.h on read_pattern_list().
Environment
TESSDATA_PREFIX
If the TESSDATA_PREFIX is set to a path, then that path is used to find the tessdata directory with language and script recognition models and config files. Using --tessdata-dir PATH is the recommended alternative.
OMP_THREAD_LIMIT
If the tesseract executable was built with multithreading support, it will normally use four CPU cores for the OCR process. While this can be faster for a single image, it gives bad performance if the host computer provides less than four CPU cores or if OCR is made for many images. Only a single CPU core is used with OMP_THREAD_LIMIT=1.
Resources
Main web site: https://github.com/tesseract-ocr User forum: https://groups.google.com/g/tesseract-ocr Documentation: https://tesseract-ocr.github.io/ Information on training: https://tesseract-ocr.github.io/tessdoc/Training-Tesseract.html
Copying
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
Releases
10 releases since Debian 4.0 (Etch); the text changed 9 times.
--dpi since Debian 11 (Bullseye);
--help since Debian 10 (Buster);
--help-extra since Debian 11 (Bullseye);
--help-oem since Debian 10 (Buster);
--help-psm since Debian 10 (Buster);
--list-langs since Debian 9 (Stretch);
--oem since Debian 10 (Buster);
--print-parameters since Debian 9 (Stretch);
--psm since Debian 10 (Buster);
--tessdata-dir since Debian 9 (Stretch);
--user-patterns since Debian 10 (Buster);
--user-words since Debian 9 (Stretch);
--version since Debian 10 (Buster);
-c since Debian 8 (Jessie);
-h since Debian 10 (Buster);
-l since Debian 7 (Wheezy);
-v since Debian 7 (Wheezy).
-psm until Debian 9 (Stretch).