dbutil1

Usage

Overview

The dbutil program maintains a database of key-value pairs that can be queried and updated from the command line. For each such pair in the database, it also keeps an expiration time, so that unused entries can be purged from the database. dbutil must be given an option specifying in which mode to run the program. The following modes are available:

--dump (-d)

Prints the contents of the database. Each database entry is printed in one of the the following two formats, depending on whether the record has an expiration time:

key value

key value (expiration-time)

--query (-q)

Prints the value of a particular key in the database. If the -t flag is also specified, prints the expiration time of the record. In addition, the --expire flag can be specified to update the expiration time on the record. Exits 0 if the key was found, 1 if the key was not in the database, or 2 if there is a system error.

--update (-u)

Sets the value of a key in the database to a particular value. If no value is supplied, sets the value to the empty string (which is not the same as deleting the record). The --expire flag can also be specified to set an expiration time on the record.

Ordinarily, this option overwrites any previous value in the database. If the -n option is supplied, dbutil will not overwrite a previously stored value in the database (and will not update the expiration time on the record). Exits 0 if the key was found, 1 if -n was specified and the key was already in the database, or 2 if there is a system error.

--expire={date | [+|-]interval}

This option can be specified in conjunction with --update or --query to set an expiration time on the record. The option has two formats. You can either specify an absolute time, as the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 GMT, or you can specify an offset from the current time with the format:

[+|-]countunits

Where + means in the future, - means in the past, count is a number, and units is one of the following characters:

s - seconds

m - minutes

h - hours

D - days

W - weeks

M - months

Y - years

For example --expire=+36D means the record will be deleted in 36 days. If you always look up key with the command:

dbutil --query --expire=+36D key

then the key will only expire if you do not look it up within 36 days.

Note that dbutil keeps a sorted list of the records by time of last access. Thus, purging old records is not an inherently expensive operation, and happens automatically whenever you modify the database.

--nosync (-N)

Ordinarily, dbutil synchronously flushes the database file to disk after making any modifications, to minimize the window of vulnerability in which a crash could corrupt the database (if the --dbhome option is not supplied). Synchronously flushing the database file is slow, however. This option suppresses that behavior, and can be used to build lookup tables efficiently. For example, you might have a script that builds a file x.db by issuing the following commands:

        #!/bin/sh -e
        rm -f x.db~
        dbutil -Nu x.db~ key1 val1
        dbutil -Nu x.db~ key2 val2
        # ...
        dbutil -Nu x.db~ keyn valn
        dbutil -u @ @
        mv -f x.db~ x.db

--delete (-x)

Deletes a particular key from the database (if the database contains the key). Exits 0 if the key was found, 1 if the key was not in the database, or 2 if there was a system error.

-t [date|interval]

With no options, prints the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970, GMT. With an argument that takes the same format as --expire, prints the expiration time as an absolute number of seconds since 1970. Not really a database function, but useful hen you want to store a timestamp in the database.

Note that -t can also be combined with the --query option, in which case it causes dbutil to print the expiration time of the key, rather than its value.

dbutil attempts to minimize the damage from an inopportune crash by flushing the database file to disk whenever it is modified. However, there is still a small window in which your database can be irrevocably corrupted. This may be alright if you are just using the database to store "soft state".

If you want the database to be recoverable under any circumstances, you must use write-ahead logging, in which case dbutil needs to keep a directory with database logs, not just a single database file. The following option specifies where to keep the log files. It must be used in conjunction with the other options for each mode except -t:

--dbhome=dbhome

Specifies that database log files should be kept in directory dbhome (which will be created if it does not already exist). Note that database files with relative pathnames will also be stored in this directory. It is highly recommended that you use relative pathnames so as to store database files and log files together. Otherwise, you run the risk of accessing a logged database without the --dbhome option and trashing its contents.

Environment

DB_HOME

When set, specifies a directory in which to keep log files, so as to make the database crash-recoverable. This is equivalent to specifying the option --dbhome=$DB_HOME (except that any actual --dbhome argument will override the environment variable).