ctype(3)

ctype3

Character classification functions

Usage

#include <ctype.h>

int

digittoint(int c);

int

isalnum(int c);

int

isalpha(int c);

int

isascii(int c);

int

iscntrl(int c);

int

isdigit(int c);

int

isgraph(int c);

int

ishexnumber(int c);

int

isideogram(int c);

int

islower(int c);

int

isnumber(int c);

int

isphonogram(int c);

int

isspecial(int c);

int

isprint(int c);

int

ispunct(int c);

int

isrune(int c);

int

isspace(int c);

int

isupper(int c);

int

isxdigit(int c);

int

toascii(int c);

int

tolower(int c);

int

toupper(int c);

Library

Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

Overview

The above functions perform character tests and conversions on the integer c. They are available as macros, defined in the include file ⟨ctype.h⟩, or as true functions in the C library. See the specific manual pages for more information.

Releases

87 releases since FreeBSD 2.0.5-RELEASE; the text changed 45 times.

  1. 2.0.5–2.1.7.1
  2. 2.2.2–3.3
  3. 3.4
  4. 3.5–3.5.1
  5. 4.0
  6. 4.1–4.2
  7. 4.3–4.4
  8. 4.5–4.11
  9. 5.0
  10. 5.1
  11. 5.2–5.2.1
  12. 5.3–6.3
  13. 6.4
  14. 7.0
  15. 7.1
  16. 7.2
  17. 7.3
  18. 7.4
  19. 8.0
  20. 8.1
  21. 8.2
  22. 8.3
  23. 8.4
  24. 9.0
  25. 9.1
  26. 9.2
  27. 9.3
  28. 10.0
  29. 10.1
  30. 10.2
  31. 10.3
  32. 10.4
  33. 11.0
  34. 11.1
  35. 11.2
  36. 11.3
  37. 11.4
  38. 12.0
  39. 12.1
  40. 12.2
  41. 12.3
  42. 12.4
  43. 13.0–13.1
  44. 13.2
  45. 13.3–14.5
  46. 15.0–16.0

Standards

These functions, except for digittoint(), isascii(), ishexnumber(), isideogram(), isnumber(), isphonogram(), isrune(), isspecial() and toascii(), conform to ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (“ISO C90”).

History

The functions isalpha(), isupper(), islower(), isdigit(), isalnum(), isspace(), ispunct(), isprint(), iscntrl(), and isascii() first appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.

From base 16.0-CURRENT-20261027-61c70dc16a79 in FreeBSD 16.0-CURRENT (2026-10-27). Parsed by carta from the page's mdoc source.