Asgrad- demonstrates rendering of multi point linear gradients libafterimage/tutorials/asgrad
libAfterImage application for drawing multipoint linear gradients.
New steps described in this tutorial are : ASGrad.1. Building gradient specs. ASGrad.2. Actual rendering gradient.
Tutorial 1: ASView - explanation of basic steps needed to use
libAfterImage and some other simple things.
Tutorial 2: ASScale - image scaling basics. Tutorial 3: ASTile - image tiling and tinting. Tutorial 4: ASMerge - scaling and blending of arbitrary number of
images.
#include "../afterbase.h" #include "../afterimage.h" #include "common.h"
ARGB32 default_colors[] = {
0xFF000000,
0xFF700070, /* violet */
0xFF0000FF, /* blue */
0xFF00FFFF, /* cyan */
0xFF00FF00,
0XFFFFFF00,
0XFF700000,
0XFFFF0000,
0xFF8080A0,
0xFFE0E0FF,
0xFFa0a0FF,
}; double default_offsets[] = { 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55, 0.50,
0.65, 0.8, 1.0} ;
void usage() {
printf( " Usage: asgrad -h | <geometry> <gradient_type> <color1> "
"<offset2> <color2> [ <offset3> <color3> ...]\n");
printf( " Where: geometry - size of the resulting image and window;\n");
printf( " gradient_type - One of the fiollowing values :\n");
printf( " 0 - linear left-to-right gradient,\n");
printf( " 1 - diagonal lefttop-to-rightbottom,\n");
printf( " 2 - linear top-to-bottom gradient,\n");
printf( " 3 - diagonal righttop-to-leftbottom;\n");
printf( " offset - floating point value from 0.0 to 1.0\n");
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
Display *dpy = NULL;
ASVisual *asv ;
int screen = 0, depth = 0;
int dummy, geom_flags = 0;
unsigned int to_width, to_height ;
ASGradient grad ;
ASGradient default_grad = { 1, 11, &(default_colors[0]),
&(default_offsets[0])} ;
ASImage *grad_im = NULL;
/* see ASView.1 : */
set_application_name( argv[0] );
#if (HAVE_AFTERBASE_FLAG==1)
set_output_threshold(OUTPUT_LEVEL_DEBUG);
#endif
if( argc > 1 )
{
if( strcmp( argv[1], "-h") == 0 )
{
usage();
return 0;
}
/* see ASScale.1 : */
geom_flags = XParseGeometry( argv[1], &dummy, &dummy,
&to_width, &to_height );
}else
usage();
memset( &grad, 0x00, sizeof(ASGradient));
#ifndef X_DISPLAY_MISSING
dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
_XA_WM_DELETE_WINDOW = XInternAtom( dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
depth = DefaultDepth( dpy, screen );
#endif
if( argc >= 5 )
{
int i = 2;
/* see ASGrad.1 : */
grad.type = atoi( argv[2] );
grad.npoints = 0 ;
grad.color = safemalloc( ((argc-2)/2)*sizeof(ARGB32));
grad.offset = safemalloc( ((argc-2)/2)*sizeof(double));
while( ++i < argc )
{
if( grad.npoints > 0 )
{
if( i == argc-1 )
grad.offset[grad.npoints] = 1.0;
else
grad.offset[grad.npoints] = atof( argv[i] );
++i ;
}
/* see ASTile.1 : */
if( parse_argb_color( argv[i], &(grad.color[grad.npoints]))
!= argv[i] )
if( grad.offset[grad.npoints] >= 0. &&
grad.offset[grad.npoints]<= 1.0 )
grad.npoints++ ;
}
}else
{
grad = default_grad ;
if( argc >= 3 )
grad.type = atoi( argv[2] );
}
if( grad.npoints <= 0 )
{
show_error( " not enough gradient points specified.");
return 1;
}
/* Making sure tiling geometry is sane : */
#ifndef X_DISPLAY_MISSING
if( !get_flags(geom_flags, WidthValue ) )
to_width = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen)*2/3 ;
if( !get_flags(geom_flags, HeightValue ) )
to_height = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen)*2/3 ;
#else
if( !get_flags(geom_flags, WidthValue ) )
to_width = 500 ;
if( !get_flags(geom_flags, HeightValue ) )
to_height = 500 ;
#endif
printf( "%s: rendering gradient of type %d to %dx%d\n",
get_application_name(), grad.type&GRADIENT_TYPE_MASK,
to_width, to_height );
/* see ASView.3 : */
asv = create_asvisual( dpy, screen, depth, NULL );
/* see ASGrad.2 : */
grad_im = make_gradient( asv, &grad, to_width, to_height,
SCL_DO_ALL,
#ifndef X_DISPLAY_MISSING
ASA_XImage,
#else
ASA_ASImage,
#endif
0, ASIMAGE_QUALITY_DEFAULT );
if( grad_im )
{
#ifndef X_DISPLAY_MISSING
/* see ASView.4 : */
Window w = create_top_level_window( asv,
DefaultRootWindow(dpy), 32, 32,
to_width, to_height, 1, 0, NULL,
"ASGradient", NULL );
if( w != None )
{
Pixmap p ;
XMapRaised (dpy, w);
/* see ASView.5 : */
p = asimage2pixmap( asv, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), grad_im,
NULL, True );
destroy_asimage( &grad_im );
/* see common.c: set_window_background_and_free() : */
p = set_window_background_and_free( w, p );
/* see common.c: wait_closedown() : */
}
wait_closedown(w);
dpy = NULL;
#else
ASImage2file( grad_im, NULL, "asgrad.jpg", ASIT_Jpeg, NULL );
destroy_asimage( &grad_im );
#endif
}
return 0 ;
}
libAfterImage/tutorials/ASGrad.1 [5.1]
Step 1. Building gradient specs.
Multipoint gradient is defined as set of color values with offsets of each point from the beginning of the gradient on 1.0 scale. Offsets of the first and last point in gradient should always be 0. and 1.0 respectively, and other points should go in between. For example 2 point gradient will have always offsets 0. and 1.0, 3 points gradient will have 0. for first color, 1.0 for last color and anything in between for middle color. If offset is incorrect - point will be skipped at the time of rendering.
There are 4 types of gradients supported : horizontal, top-left to bottom-right diagonal, vertical and top-right to bottom-left diagonal. Any cilindrical gradient could be drawn as a 3 point gradient with border colors being the same.
Each gradient point has ARGB color, which means that it is possible to draw gradients in alpha channel as well as RGB. That makes for semitransparent gradients, fading gradients, etc.
grad.type = atoi( argv[2] );
grad.npoints = 0 ;
grad.color = safemalloc( ((argc-2)/2)*sizeof(ARGB32));
grad.offset = safemalloc( ((argc-2)/2)*sizeof(double));
while( ++i < argc )
{
if( grad.npoints > 0 )
{
if( i == argc-1 )
grad.offset[grad.npoints] = 1.0;
else
grad.offset[grad.npoints] = atof( argv[i] );
++i ;
}
if( parse_argb_color( argv[i], &(grad.color[grad.npoints]))
!= argv[i] )
if(grad.offset[grad.npoints] >= 0. &&
grad.offset[grad.npoints]<= 1.0 )
grad.npoints++ ;
}
ARGB32, parse_argb_color(), ASGradient libAfterImage/tutorials/ASGrad.2 [5.2]
Step 2. Actually rendering gradient.
All that is needed to draw gradient is to call make_gradient(), passing pointer to ASGradient structure, that describes gradient. Naturally size of the gradient is needed too. Another parameter is filter - that is a bit mask that allows one to draw gradient using only a subset of the channels, represented by set bits. SCL_DO_ALL means that all 4 channels must be rendered. make_gradient() creates ASImage of requested size and fills it with gradient. Special techinque based on error diffusion is utilized to avoid sharp steps between grades of colors when limited range of colors is used for gradient.
grad_im = make_gradient( asv, &grad, to_width, to_height,
SCL_DO_ALL,
ASA_XImage, 0, ASIMAGE_QUALITY_DEFAULT );
make_gradient(), ASScanline, ASImage.