Object::MultiType (3pm)

  use Object::MultiType ;

  my $scalar = 'abc' ;
  my @array  = qw(x y z);
  my %hash   = (A => 1 , B => 2) ;

  my $obj = Object::MultiType->new(
  scalar => \$scalar ,
  array  => \@array ,
  hash   => \%hash ,
  code   => sub{ return("I'm a sub ref!") ; }
  glob   => \*STDOUT ,
  ) ;

  print "Me as scalar: $obj\n" ;

  my $array_1 = $obj->[1] ;
  print "$array_1\n" ;

  my $hash_B = $obj->{B} ;
  print "$hash_B\n" ;

  my $hash = $$obj->hash ;
  foreach my $Key (sort keys %$hash ) {
    print "$Key = $$hash{$Key}\n" ;
  }

  &$obj(args) ;

This module return an object that works like a Hash, Array, Scalar, Code and Glob object at the same time.

The usual way is to call it from your module at new():

package FOO ;

use Object::MultiType ; use vars qw(@ISA) ; @ISA = qw(Object::MultiType) ; ## Is good to 'Object::MultiType' be the last in @ISA!

sub new { my $class = shift ; my $this = Object::MultiType->new() ; bless($this,$class) ; }

** See the methods of the Saver too.

new

Arguments:

bool

The boolean reference. Default: undef

boolcode|boolsub

Set the sub/function (\s-1CODE\s0 reference) that will return/generate the boolean value.

scalar

The \s-1SCALAR\s0 reference. If not sent a null \s-1SCALAR\s0 will be created.

scalarcode|scalarsub

Set the sub/function (\s-1CODE\s0 reference) that will return/generate the scalar data of the object.

array

The \s-1ARRAY\s0 reference. If not sent a null \s-1ARRAY\s0 will be created.

hash

The \s-1HASH\s0 reference. If not sent a null \s-1HASH\s0 will be created.

code

The \s-1CODE\s0 reference. If not sent a null sub{} will be created. With this your object can be used as a sub reference: my $multi = Object::MultiType->new( code => sub { print "Args: @_\n" ;} ) ; &$multi(); Note that the first argument sent to the \s-1SUB\s0 is the object ($multi).

glob

The \s-1GLOB\s0 (\s-1HANDLE\s0) reference. If not sent a null \s-1GLOB\s0 will be created. ** Note that you can't use the default (null) \s-1GLOB\s0 created when you don't paste this argument! Since all the objects will share it, and was there just to avoid erros!

tiearray

Package name to create a \s-1TIEARRAY\s0. The argument $$this is sent to tie(). tie() is called as: tie(@array,$args{tiearray},$$this) ; Note that is hard to implement the tie methods for \s-1PUSH\s0, \s-1POP\s0, \s-1SHIFT\s0, \s-1UNSHIFT\s0, \s-1SPLICE\s0... Unless you make just an alias to another array through the tie methods. ** See tiehash too.

tiehash

Package name to create a \s-1TIEHASH\s0. The argument $$this is sent to tie(). tie() is called as: tie(%hash,$args{tiehash},$$this) ; ** $$this (the Saver) is sent, and not $this, to avoid the break of \s-1DESTROY\s0 (auto reference). ** $$this is a reference to the Saver object that save the \s-1SCALAR\s0, \s-1ARRAY\s0, \s-1HASH\s0, \s-1CODE\s0 and \s-1GLOB\s0. sub TIEHASH { my $class = shift ; my $multi = shift ; ## $$this

my $scalarref = $multi->scalar ; ## \${*$multi} my $arrayref = $multi->array ; ## \@{*$multi} my $hashref = $multi->hash ; ## \%{*$multi}

my $this = { s => $scalarref , a => $arrayref , h => $hashref } ; bless($this,$class) ; }

tiehandle

Make the object works like a tied glob (\s-1TIEHANDLE\s0). If used with glob will tie() it. If glob is not sent a \s-1NULL\s0 \s-1GLOB\s0 is used: my $multi = Object::MultiType->new( glob => \*MYOUT , ## 'glob' is Optional. tiehandle => 'TieHandlePack' , ) ;

tieonuse

The reference is only tied when it's used! So, the \s-1HASH\s0, \s-1ARRAY\s0 or \s-1GLOB\s0 (handle) are only tied if/when they are accessed.

nodefault

If set to true tell to not create the default references inside the Saver, and it will have only the references paste (scalar, array, hash, code, glob). ** This is good to save memory.

is_saver

Return 0. Good to see if what you have is the Saver or the MultiType object.

The MultiType object has a Saver object (Object::MultiType::Saver), that save all the different data type (references). This saver can be accessed from the main object:

my $multi = Object::MultiType->new() ;

my $saver = $$multi ; print $saver->scalar ;

If you want to save attributes in your Object and you use tiehash, you can't set attributes directly in the MultiType object!:

sub new { my $class = shift ; my $this = Object::MultiType->new(tiehash => 'TieHashPack') ;

## Dont do that! This will call the STORE() at TIEHASH, and not save it in the object: $this->{flagx} = 1 ;

bless($this,$class) ; }

So, if you use tiehash and want to save attributes (outside tie) use that:

## This save the attribute inside the Saver: $$this->{flagx} = 1 ;

Note that this set an attribute in the saver, and it has their own attributes!

## $saver = $$this ;

$saver->{s} ## the sacalar ref. $saver->{a} ## the array ref. $saver->{h} ## the hash ref. $saver->{c} ## the code ref. $saver->{g} ## the glob ref.

** See \*(L"Direct access to the data types\*(R".

When the object is \s-1DESTROIED\s0, the Saver inside it is cleanned, so the tied objects can be \s-1DESTROIED\s0 automatically too.

To access directly the reference of the different data types (\s-1SCALAR\s0, \s-1ARRAY\s0, \s-1HASH\s0, \s-1CODE\s0 & \s-1GLOB\s0) use:

my $multi = Object::MultiType->new() ;

my $saver = $$multi ;

my $scalarref = $saver->scalar ; ## $saver->{s} my $arrayref = $saver->array ; ## $saver->{a} my $hashref = $saver->hash ; ## $saver->{h} my $coderef = $saver->code ; ## $saver->{c} my $globeref = $saver->glob ; ## $saver->{g}

## You can access the Saver directly from the main object: $$multi->hash ;

Setting the data:

$saver->set_bool( 1 ) ; $saver->set_scalar( 'xyz' ) ; $saver->set_array( [qw(x y z)] ) ; $saver->set_hash( {X => 1} ) ; $saver->set_code( sub{ print "XYZ\n" ; } ) ; $saver->set_glob( \*STDOUT ) ;

You can use it as \s-1SCALAR\s0 when you put it inside quotes or make a copy of it:

my $multi = Object::MultiType->new( scalar => 'Foo' ) ;

## Quote: print "Me as scalar: $multi\n" ;

## Copy: my $str = $multi ; $str .= '_x' ; ## Copy made when you change it! Until that $str works like $multi. print "$str\n" ;

using the argument scalarsub you can use a function that will generate the scalar data, in the place of a reference to a \s-1SCALAR:\s0

my $multi = Object::MultiType->new(scalarsub => sub{ return 'generated data' ;} ) ;

print "My scalar have $multi!\n" ;

You can use it as \s-1ARRAY\s0 directly from the object:

my $multi = Object::MultiType->new( array => [qw(FOO BAR)] ) ; my $array_0 = $multi->[0] ; $multi->[1] = 'foo' ;

You can use it as \s-1HASH\s0 directly from the object:

my $multi = Object::MultiType->new( hash => {key => 'foo'} ) ; my $k = $multi->{key} ; $multi->{foo} = 'bar' ;

To use your \s-1ARRAY\s0 and \s-1HASH\s0 part tied, you can paste the reference already tied of the \s-1HASH\s0 or \s-1ARRAY\s0, or use the arguments tiehash and tiearray at new():

## Using the reference: my %hash ; tie(%hash,'TieHash') ; my $multi = Object::MultiType->new(hash => \%hash) ;

## Or using directly the argument: my $multi = Object::MultiType->new(tiehash => 'TieHashPack') ;

Note that using tiehash or tiearray is better, since your tied \s-1HASH\s0 or \s-1ARRAY\s0 can see the object Saver and the other data type of it. See the method new() and their arguments.

Here's an example of a TieHash package that is called from Object::MultiType->new():

## The call inside Object::MultiType->new(): tie(%hash,$args{tiehash},$$this) ;

## The package: package TieHash ;

sub TIEHASH { my $class = shift ; my $Saver = shift ; ## Object::MultiType paste as $$this (only the Saver) to avoid break of DESTROY! ## $this = Object::MultiType >> $$this = Object::MultiType::Saver

my $scalarref = $Saver->scalar ; my $arrayref = $Saver->array ;

## Note that $Saver->hash will return the tied hash, and is not needed here! ## my $hashref = $Saver->hash ;

## Saving the references inside the TIE object: my $this = { scalar => $scalarref , array => $arrayref , hash => {} } ;

bless($this,$class) ; }

sub FETCH { my $this = shift ; return( 'key' ) ;}

sub NEXTKEY { my $this = shift ; return( 'key' ) ;}

sub STORE { my $this = shift ; $this->{hash}{$_[0]} = $_[1] }

sub DELETE { my $this = shift ; delete $this->{hash}{$_[0]} }

sub CLEAR { my $this = shift ; $this->{hash} = {} ;}

sub EXISTS { my $this = shift ; defined $this->{hash}{$_[0]} ;}

sub FIRSTKEY { my $this = shift ; (sort keys %{$this->{hash}} )[0] }

sub DESTROY {}

Using tiehash, you need to save the attributes in the Saver, or you call the tie().

$$this->{flagx} = 1 ;

This is a litte package where the Saver objects are created. It will save the data types (\s-1SCALAR\s0, \s-1ARRAY\s0, \s-1HASH\s0, \s-1CODE\s0 & \s-1GLOB\s0) of the main objects (Object::MultiType).

\s-1METHODS:\s0

is_saver

Return 1. Good to see if what you have is the Saver or the MultiType object.

bool

Return the \s-1BOOL\s0 reference inside the Saver.

scalar

Return the \s-1SCALAR\s0 reference inside the Saver.

array

Return the \s-1ARRAY\s0 reference inside the Saver.

hash

Return the \s-1HASH\s0 reference inside the Saver.

code

Return the CODE/sub reference inside the Saver.

glob

Return the \s-1GLOB/HANDLE\s0 reference inside the Saver.

set_bool

Set the boolean reference inside the Saver.

set_scalar

Set the \s-1SCALAR\s0 reference inside the Saver.

set_array

Set the \s-1ARRAY\s0 reference inside the Saver.

set_hash

Set the \s-1HASH\s0 reference inside the Saver.

set_code

Set the CODE/sub reference inside the Saver.

set_glob

Set the \s-1GLOB/HANDLE\s0 reference inside the Saver.

clean

Clean all the references saved in the Saver.

overload, perltie, Scalar::Util.

This module/class was created for XML::Smart.

Graciliano M. P. <[email protected]>

I will appreciate any type of feedback (include your opinions and/or suggestions). ;-P

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.